Heart Rate Changes In Different Genders Physical Education Essay

totality Rate Changes In Different Genders Physical Education EssayThis report sets out inquiry based on prior contract and literature carrying out the study of relations mingled with exercise and respiration eventually resulting in variation in throb account. In essence the look for proposal seeks to understand more about the effect and ca wasting disease kin to come out with precise results. The report details the methodological issues connected with the look and it explores the choices and assumptions necessary in planning the research. The aim of the study was to see the effect of date and sexual urge on urge swan variation in reaction to exercise. For this investigation we made sure the practical is safe because we would not do things that would affect people and also we would not be dangerous to others. We needed to use neural im beat-meter to check beat rate down every finding. In our research it was expected that the nerve impulse rate would increase during th e time of exercise and also the alive rate would be rapid than normal and that sex and age would affect the pulse rate of people. The weights (dumbles) were tending(p) to the subjects to use for five narrow-minded and one of us assisted them to make sure they used the weights properly. The pulse rate was noted down before the experiment with the inspection and repair of pulse meter and was recorded again after carrying out the five minute round of exercise with the weights. The ages and gender were also noted. The results of the experiment proved that the pulse rate increased by a substantial issue forth after the exercise had been completed and that females had a higher pulse rate than men. Moreover, it was seen that age mens ages increase, their pulse rate increases and thither was no correlational statistics between females ages and their pulse evaluate.This experiment tests the effects of age, gender and exercise on pulserate. Pulse rate represents the beating of the h eart, specifically theejection of inception from the odd ventricle to the commonplace circulation of the proboscis.Before the start of exercise, your pre-exercise heart rate usuallyrisesabove normal, and this is called an anticipatory response. Duringexercise, respiration increases based on the amount of activity beingdone. When exercise is being completed, on that point is an increased demandfor gas exchange, due to the circulatory system being under continuousstress. Oxygen consumption increases rapidly, as well as carbon dioxideproduction.Regular exercise also produces changes in circulation. The blood flowto working muscles increase, and this means that more oxygen andenergy sess be delivered to the muscle cells. Blood volume and thenumber of red blood cells also increase with this large flow, andoxygenlevels rise considerably.In our experiment we comport decided to test a type of exerciseuse of weight (dumbles). This will affect various parts of the body and is designed tobuild up stamina and keep a regular heart beat.ObjectiveThis experiment aims to discover how exercise passelaffect the pulse rate of whatsoever given individual by testing their pulserate after different amounts of exercise and how gender and age affects the pulse rate.Literature ReviewResearch has shown that the pulse rate of men is slower than the pulse rate for women.Different researches bring been conducted on the effect of exercise on the health of gay being. The studies were intended to audition the influence of exercise on pulse rate, heart rate and fitness of people.Experts from cardiac health suggest that the best way to keep hearts profound is a balanced diet, avoiding smoking, and regular exercise. consumption that is good for your heart elevates your heart rate. The American Heart Association recommends to do exercise that increases your heart rate to between 50 and 75% of your maximum heart rate. They recommend getting at least 30minutes of exercise on to the highest degree days of the hebdomad (AHA, 2006).The American Heart Association also suggests that pulse rate for woman is considered normal if it is between 70-80 overcome per minute. However, pulse rate may be modify by variables such(prenominal) as age, sex, physical fitness, some drugs/medication, genetics and anxiety.A study of (WebMD Medical Reference from Healthwise) revealed that your pulse changes from minute to minute. It will be faster when you exercise, have fever or when you are under stress. It will be slower when you are taking rest. The institute also did an experiment to see the pulse rate difference in males and females. The results of the experiment were that the pulse rate of the females was in fact higher than the male pulse rate by six beats. The boilers suit female average was 85 beats per minute and the overall for males was 79 beats per minute.Scott Roberts, Ph.D., FACSM, FAACVPR, is an assistant professor in the Department of Physical Education and Exerc ise Physiology at California State University, Chico. His primary area of expertise is Clinical Exercise Physiology. He has authored and co-authored 10 fitness and exercise science books and over a hundred articles and chapters in books. His studies tell that women have a higher Heart Rate response than men. This response compensates for the lower stroke volumes women have compared to men. The average amount of blood pumped out of the heart per minute is referred to as cardiac output.Another research by the American Journal of hypertension concluded that there was no influence of the exercise on pulse rate, blood pressure level and rates of hypertension of the elderly population of ages 50 and above. But the research showed that regular exercise can develop damp health and fitness in the younger population.According to (Silverstein, Alvin Dr., et al, The Circulatory System Canada Fitzhenrey and Whiteside Ltd.1994), age also affects the pulse rate. The usual pulse rate for a baby em bryo is 150 b.p.m. (beats per minute).The average pulse rate of an infant140 b.p.m and 90 b.p.m in seven years old. A man from 30-40 years old usually has a pulse rate of approximately 72 b.p.m this differs from 76-80 b.p.m for a woman of the same age. Elderly people have the lowest of the other age groups, which is around 50-65 b.p.m. Women usually have higher pulse rates than men. Another difference among pulse rates is physical activity. Exercising, such as playing sports, speed your pulse rate up and almost double the speed of your heart.A study from Brigham and Womens Hospital also conveys the message that the human health can be judged by four vital signs which are Pulse rate, Body temperature, Respiration rate and the Blood pressure. All of these signs can be controlled and regulated by doing regular exercise.Like all other researches Texas Heart Institute also came up with a thought that exercise can help your body in many ways. Aside from helping you to keep a healthy body weight, exercise increases your mobility, protects against bone loss, reduces your stress levels and pulse rates, and helps you feel better about yourself. And research has shown that people who exercise are less likely to develop heart disease, high blood pressure, and high cholesterol levels. People of any age or fitness level can benefit from some type of exercise, be it running, walking, ballroom dancing, water aerobics, gardening, or any activity you choose.A study from NEMA (National Emergency Medicine Association) shows that many athletes have pulse rates in the 40 60 range depending on how fit they are. In general a lower pulse rate is good and exercise programs helps doing so. In addition to that declines will be seen in resting heart rate, blood pressure, and stress levels as well. Overall body changes will also be experienced including weight loss and increase of lean body mass. supposal DevelopmentNull HypothesisH0 = There is no relationship between the age, gender and pulse rate.HO p 0Alternative HypothesisHA = There is a relationship between the age, gender and pulse rate.HA p = 0Theoretical FrameworkThe dependent variable here is the pulse rate which changes when exercise is carried out. So, exercise, gender and age are the free variables which can be manipulated to determine the change in pulse rate. Some intervening variable also interrupt the independent variable and create a discrepancy in the results.Identification of VariablesIndependentExerciseAgeGenderDependentPulse RateIntervening variables such as illness, faulty tools etc.DIAGRAMDependent VariableIndependent VariablesAgeGenderExercisePulse RateIntervening Variablesillness, faulty toolsmethodological analysisNature Of studythe nature of the study is hypothesis testing.Data CollectionThe data for our research was obtained through experiment and some secondary sources of information, which included net articles, journals and books.PopulationOur target population consisted of males an d females living in Lahore.SampleThe sample comprises of 1070 people, half males and half females.InstrumentsThe instruments used were two dumbles weighing 5 kg each, a stopwatch and a pulse meter.ProcedureThe methodology was based on field Experiment research. 1070 people (half males and half females) were approached in different parks and market place areas of Lahore. Convenience sampling was used i.e(willing people were chosen to be a part of the experiment). Their pulse rates were recorded before exercise. They were each asked to use uprise two weights of 5 kg each for five minutes. Their pulse rate after the exercise was then recorded using the pulse meter. Their age and gender was recorded. The results were then recorded in SPSS and conclusions were drawn based on the collected results.ReliabilityThe reliability of the instruments was ensured through test-retest method. For test-retest reliability method five males from the sample were chosen. Their pulse rate before exercis e was recorded twice after a time interval of two minutes. The results obtained in both the attempts co-related to a high storey (Co-efficient=0.87).ValidityThe content validity is ensured since the pulse meter is measuring the pulse of a person per minute.ResultsThe results of the experiment are as followsDescriptivesThe results show that the mean value of pulse rate in males are lower than the mean values of the pulse rate in females. This shows that females have a higher pulse rate than men. The results also prove that the pulse rate increases after exercise, as the means of the pulse rates before exercise are lower than the means of the pulse rates after exercise.NMinimumMaximumMeanStd. DeviationWithout Exercise male107055 one hundred five85.0910.227With Exercise male107082 revenue116.0313.118Valid N (listwise)1070NMinimumMaximumMeanStd. DeviationWith Exercise Female53596144120.4110.060Without Exercise Female5357010592.196.373Valid N (listwise)535CorrelationThe table below show s a weak positive correlation between age of males and their pulse rate without exercise. This means that as the ages of males increase, their pulse rate increases. The value is significant.AgeWithout Exercise pulseAge malePearson Correlation1.270(**)Sig. (2-tailed).000N535535WithoutExercise pulse malesPearson Correlation.270(**)1Sig. (2-tailed).000N535535** Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed).The table below shows that there is almost no correlation between the age of females and their pulse rate without exercise. This means that the two variables are not related.Age FemaleWithout Exercise pulseAge FemalePearson Correlation1.043Sig. (2-tailed).317N535535Without Exercise pulse femalePearson Correlation.0431Sig. (2-tailed).317N535535Graphical representation of resultsDiscussionWe are of the view that when the body is exercising the muscles respire toproduce energy, so the muscles can contract. Oxygen is needed for thisprocess the oxygen is carried in the hemoglobi n of the red bloodcell. The heart and lungs need to work harder in order to get agreater amount of oxygen to the muscles for respiration. In muscle cells digested food substances are oxidized to release energy. Theseoxidation reactions are called cellular respiration. When muscles useoxygen in order to respire the process is called aerobic respirationThe heart rate rises because during exercise, cell respiration in themuscles increases, so the level of carbon dioxide in the blood rises.Carbon dioxide is slightly acid the brain detects the rising acidityin the blood, the brain then sends a signal through the nervous systemto the lungs to roost faster and deeper. Gaseous exchange in thelungs increases allowing more oxygen into the circulatory system and removing more carbon dioxide. The brain then sends a signal to thesenatorial node to make the heart beat faster. As a result the heartrate would rise.The length of exercise isincreased the number of beats per minute will rise. The num ber ofbeats per minute rises steadily because the amount of exercise is gradually increased. The heart reacts to this by increasing the numberof times per minute that it beats so that the muscles have enoughoxygen and glucose to work with the greater amount of exercise. In a trial the body temperature of theexerciser will rise. The heat of the body will increase the heartrate which will adversely affect our results, making them lessaccurate and reliable. We cannot control if the body heats up duringexercise, only to the issue of using a fan to cool the epidermis ofthe skin which would lower the temperature of the blood, thus reducingthe bodys core temperature. This would then keep the heart rate at amore natural level when a sample will be exercising. The intervening variables which may act at the point of time and are hard to calculate may affect the findings but we are trying to minimize the chance of error by taking measures. Although exercise increases pulse rate, age and gende r definitely have an impact on it also. We saw that as age in men increases, their pulse rate also increases, whereas in females, there is no correlation between the age and pulse rates. Moreover, the mean values of pulse rates for females are higher than the mean values of pulse rates for men.AcknowledgementsOur debt to people who have supported us in this whole project is enormous. We highly appreciate their complete support, interest, patience and lucid explanations. We highly appreciate the coordination of individuals most of whom we didnt know who cooperated and showed their consent to complete our research. We are really thankful to Mr. Humair Hashmi who taught and led us to the path of attaining a successful Research.Referenceshttp//www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL_udi=B7CVK-4HCDTJ6-3_user=10_rdoc=1_fmt=_orig=search_sort=d_docanchor=view=c_acct=C000050221_version=1_urlVersion=0_userid=10md5=c933d0d1170fe63eac5d49a773503097www.coursework.info//Investigation_to_see_ the_effect_of_exerc_L47472.html wiki.answers.com//Why_is_the_pulse_rate_high_after_exercisewww.studentcentral.co.uk//Investigation_to_see_the_effect_of_exerc_L100012.html http//www.cheathouse.com/essay/essay_view.php?p_essay_id=91613www.jstor.org/ changeless/80790http//www.standards.dfes.gov.uk/schemes2/science/sci5a/sci5aq7?view=gethttp//journals.cambridge.org/action/displayFulltext?type=1fid=793376jid=ECPvolumeId=2issueId=04aid=793364www.tki.org.nz/r/science/science/isact_pulse_rates_e.phphttp//www.molecularstation.com/research/effect-of-exercise-and-massage-on-the-pulse-rate-arterial-pressure-and-electrocardiogram-in-patients-during-cardiological-rehabilitation-after-myocardial-infarction-5767998.htmlhttp//www.123helpme.com/view.asp?id=121764lose-5-pounds.homeunix.net/effect-of-exercise-on-pulse-rate-pulse-rate.htmccgi.dcpmicro.plus.com//files/pdf//exercise%20pulse%20rate.pdfwww.patentstorm.us/patents/RE40401.htmlwww.sd67.bc.ca/schools/salc/biology%2012//bplab.pdfwww.umm.edu//wha t_effects_does_exercise_have_on_other_conditions_000029_8.htmwww.deniseallen.org/images/lecture/module3/bplab001.pdfwww.8starshop.com//exercise-stop-watch-calorie-heart-pulse-rate-counter.htmljp.physoc.org/content/76/1/39.full.pdfhttp//cgi.ebay.co.uk/Exercise-Stop-Watch-Calorie-Heart-Pulse-Rate-Counter_W0QQitemZ250512726867QQcmdZViewItemQQimsxq20091012?IMSfp=TL091012157003r8163AHA, 2006. 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