The Influence of Role Models on Young People Essay -- A Role Models I

Role models have an astounding effect on the lives of young people in our society. A role model has the ability to shape the views, ideals, and actions of a young person. Role models help youth to discover how they wish to become in the future. The influence that role models have over young people is tremendous. It is important for role models to be positive and responsible in instilling good morals and values because future generations are directly dependent on the role models of today. By examining the influence of role models, role models in the community, and role models in the media, we will be able to determine the true effect that role models have on the lives of youth. Community role models are people that youngsters interact with on a daily basis. They are our parents, coaches, or mentors. These are people that young people encounter frequently, who are, in part, responsible for the young person’s perceptions of the world. It is important for community role models to set good examples for youth. The judgments that young people make are often helped to be formed by the e...

Sexual Harrassement vs. Public Relations

Public Relations vs. Sexual Harassment Eric Reidenbach CGD 318 Professor LaKisha Bryant August 12, 2010 Public Relations vs. Sexual Harassment Sexual Harassment can be a huge distraction and could destroy a businesses work environment. The effects are damaging to an organization and do not only affect the individual being harassed but also fellow employees, the harasser, and the organization. Sexual harassment is when someone uses sexual behavior to control a person, whether it is behavioral or physical in nature, which makes you feel uncomfortable.This paper on this issue will include what exactly sexual harassment is, the effects on the sexual harassment has on the person, employees, and workplace, and the different procedures and processes to prevent such cases. According to the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission sexual harassment is define as: â€Å"Unwelcome sexual advances, requests for sexual favors, and other verbal or physical conduct of a sexual nature constitute sexu al harassment when (1) submission to such conduct is made either emplicitly or implicitly a term or condition of an individuals employment: (2) submission to, or rejection of, uch conduct by an individual is used as the basis for employment decisions affecting such individual: or (3) such conduct has the purpose or effect of substantially interfering with an individual’s work performance or creating an intimidating, hostile, or offensive working environment (Paludi, Michele A. , Barickman, Richard B. , page 3). † Some of the most common forms of sexual harassment charges come because a person feels they are being harassed or singled out when they lose their job, benefits or privileges or more commonly when they are fired because they reject a sexual advance from a superior.This form of sexual harassment is the most common in that a superior often times will promise a person job security if they do sexual favors for them. However, if that person refuses the advances the boss or supervisor wills often times fire that person figuring that they do not want that person telling others what happened and by firing them they have control of the situation. Most times sexual harassment is a sense of power for the accused and they feel that with the power they have that they can sway the judgments of others, and often times do so until someone stands up to them.The second type of sexual harassment is when the harassment interferes with an employee’s ability to perform his/her job duties and it creates an intimidating work atmosphere. Often times this is caused by fellow employees, supervisors, or outside vendors or business people. This type of harassment usually involves flirting, physical contact, whistling, sexual pictures or jokes, and so on. As stated previously, there are two types of sexual harassment that may occur in the workplace. Sexual harassment can occur in any number of circumstances. For example, the victim as well as the harasser may b e a woman or a man.The victim does not necessarily have to be of the opposite sex either. In addition, the victim does not necessarily have to be the one being harassed, but could be anyone that is offended by a persons conduct, and the harasser’s conduct must be unwelcome. While the conduct of the harasser must be unwelcome, it must also be undesirable. The harasser’s intent and behavior are based on the perception of the victim. Many times the one being accused of harassment may not even know he did anything wrong if he was just telling a joke to a friend and a fellow co-worker was near by and overheard the joke and took offense to it.In addition the harasser’s intent or joke may not be sexual in nature at all, but their actions may be taken as sexually suggestive or uncomfortable by others. Therefore, we turn to how sexual harassment affects the person being harassed. In general, most people would assume that women are the ones in this economy to be sexually harassed then that of men, and you would be right. However, More then 200 men file sexual harassment charges each year with the Equal Employment Opportunities Commission, that’s about one-tenth of the number of cases filed by women.But more men will experience sexual harassment over the coming years as women assume more positions of power in corporate America. In addition to this stat The American Psychological Association estimates that 71 percent of working women will be subjected to sexual harassment during their careers. These stats alone show how sexual harassment is typically known as just being a problem for females, but as times change and women become more valuable and highly regarded in the workplace, that sexual harassment is now becoming more of a problem for men as well.The effect on an individual who is being harassed is crippling and can affect them in many ways. When being sexually harassed the victim’s job performance, life, and family and social relat ionships could be negatively affected. A person’s job performance will almost definitely be affected as they may be afraid to say anything to anyone there as they may feel that no one will ever believe them and that they are just trying to damage their supervisor’s reputation. Not only will they be hesitant about saying anything, but they will also be weary of all that they do as not to lead on the person dealing the harassment.The effects of sexual harassment will not end there as when the victim goes home they may feel as if they are cheating on their spouse by not saying anything or taking action against the harasser and it may make them irritable and ruin their relationship at home. Even in the case were the person does report the harasser they may still deal with issues outside the workplace in the case that the supervisor is well respected among the community and no one may believe the victim and think they are just making up stories to get ahead in life.It is be cause of these perceptions of sexual harassment that many people keep sexual advances and harassment to themselves and do not say anything. In many cases as well, the victim may choose not to say anything as they will be afraid of how the workplace will take the accusations and how the news would affect the company. For this reason it shows how the person is not the only person impacted by a sexual harassment accusation but how the workplace is affected as a whole as well.When a case of sexual harassment arises everyone is affected including fellow employees, supervisors, and managers as they will all be questioned and asked if they have ever noticed anything going on before. This is what you call a hostile work environment and no one ever wants to work in that type of a workplace. When this happens the productivity almost always diminishes, integrity and trust is tarnished as a whole, it becomes difficult to manage, and the public’s image of the company is at risk.For these reasons this is why many companies when faced with sexual harassment charges choose to deal with the case outside of court and make a settlement that way. If the company chooses to fight the charges then they risk them losing the case and ultimately losing valuable respect within the publics image in the situation that they lose the case. I guess you could call this way of settling a fail-safe as the company does not want to give up but they also do not want to lose the case and in return lose customers and business and go bankrupt or close.By settling behind closed doors and out of court the company ends up saving possibly millions of dollars and being able to move on without having the whole world knowing about what happened. Once this is dealt with it is then up to that company to deal with the problem inside its doors and getting the companies employees moral back up and back to working. So, in the case that you are being sexually harassed you should simply start by asking the p erson that you feel is harassing you to stop what they are doing and if they do not that you will be forced to take action and file a complaint.Many times this simple act can save a lot of trouble for both parties and the work force. However, if the problem does not end there then you will be forced to report the issue to higher authorities and have them investigate the situation and take care of it. This is why it is very important that every job addresses their employees on how to deal with harassment in the workplace, because harassment charges adversely affects all components of the organization. Everyone in the organization should understand what harassment is, the danger, and how it can be prevented.Prevention is the best tool to eliminate sexual harassment in the workplace, and the employers should take all the necessary steps in order to prevent sexual harassment from occurring. There are a few steps that can be instituted by organizations to prevent sexual harassment from o ccurring. The first step is to develop a written sexual harassment policy prohibiting harassing conduct, action, and behavior. The policy should be distributed to all the employees and state how they have the right to work in an environment free from harassment.It should also inform them how when they report harassment that they are also safe from retaliation from reporting a person and that any type of retaliation is a violation of state and federal law. The second step is to communicate these policies to all the employees in the workplace. This can be done in many ways and the most common form is by providing training seminars annually to keep these policies fresh in everyone’s minds so that they know what can happen to them if they choose not to listen.Other ways to communicate these policies to the employees is by having it in the employees handbooks, and by having the policies posted and many different places throughout the companies buildings and workplace. The third an d fourth steps are to have a procedure that all the employees know on how to file a complaint. In addition to that step then the employer then should take appropriate remedial actions to investigate an employees complaint or allegation.By the human resource department and employer taking action they show the other employees that they do care about their employees and decrease the likelihood that something like this will happen again in the future. In conclusion I felt that a case study would best describe a lot of what I have just talked about and in this case the book from the ebrary called Internal Affairs: The Abuse of Power, Sexual Harassment and Hypocrisy in the Workplace. In this book they talked about a case in which a 28 year old woman filed a sexual harassment case against her manager and stated: My personal relationships suffered so much that I can’t really talk about it. I know that I am having trouble trusting people, certainly men. I hope I will be able to go to work for someone again, someday, but I just don’t know. I’ve lost my passion for work, I guess. Within a year, I have been sexually harassed, lost my job, my health insurance, and my credit rating, and was faced with great debt and a long climb back to where I was, careerwise. I won $113,000, in the end. How much did it all cost me? In my heart, it cost me everything I was, everything I had, and everything I hoped to be someday.You tell me how you can convert that into money. You Can’t. No one can (p. 197). † Maggie’s situation is one many women and men are faced with after a sexual harassment case in which even if they win they are stuck with many bills and many other difficulties in wondering if they are less superior then others. Many times when someone is faced with the question on whether or not to file a case they will look at a case like this and figure that it may be best to just keep quite and ride it out. No one ever wants to lose their pe rsonal relationships, job, or respect for just being honest and open about someone else victimizing them.Unfortunately, our world is cruel sometimes and we have people that are just in it to protect themselves no matter how much it hurts others. To every case however, there is another side of the story so I found it very interesting to see how Maggie’s work superiors responded to her case. The owner of the business responded and said: â€Å"My legal fees are averaging five figures a month. Our public relations agency has added to our needs a crisis plan with a $200,000 budget attached to it. I’m in for a million dollars, at the very least, and Shawna’s t her desk, figuring out on her calculator how much she can keep after after taxes. The other employees are split on how they feel about her, Frank can’t manager her anymore, so she’s free to do whatever she wants. other employees resent that she’s not doing her share of the work. We havenâ⠂¬â„¢t had decent numbers come out of that office since the claim was filed (p. 198). † The companies response to the claim being filed against their manager, Frank, shocked me as it seemed as though they were only focused on the money they were losing and the work not happening because of the case.It seemed as though they were forgetting the issue at hand and just looking for ways to rebuild there name and keep the business alive. I understand as a growing company you need to do all you can to keep the respect of your business to protect your name for your publics, but at some point I think you need to address the issue and the harasser as well. In the end, Maggie won less then a third of what she was looking for and lost her sense of who she was and many of her friendships, she was no longer comfortable working.On the other side the company lost it’s credibility and many of the employees resented their job and did not feel like they were being treated fairly with Magg ie just sitting around not doing much of anything. In addition to the millions of dollars for attorneys and human resource people, the company also had to budget $200,000 for a crisis management with public relations. This is why many times you see companies just settle outside of court so that they save all that extra money and are not forced to budget in all those additional legal fees.It does not say how the company made out after this case but I would assume that they lost the respect of their other employees and the respect of many of their clients in knowing that there was a sexual harassment case going on inside the workplace. Overall, sexual harassment is a crippling subject for workplaces and no penny should be left unspent in educating the employees on the varying forms of sexual harassment and what could happen if you do not take heed to the warnings.There is ultimately no end to sexual harassment ever coming in my mind and the only way to ever tackle this problem is to j ust keep on telling the employees about the problems with it and what may come of it if they choose to not listen to the warnings. Maybe more articles about the harassers in sexual harassment cases and how it affected them and how no place would hire them because of their past, maybe that will put a scare into people and keep them from sexually harassing others.Books talking about cases such as Maggie’s and telling us how her life is no good anymore is not helping people want to report sexual harassment cases and are only helping the harassers feel like they can get away with it. Bibliography Barickman, Richard B. , and Michele A. Paludi. Academic and Workplace Sexual Harassment: A Resource Manual. Albany, New York: State University of New York Press, 1991. Cameron, G. T. , Wilcox, D. L. , Reber, B. H. , & Shin, J. Public Relations Today: Managing Competition and Conflict. Boston, MA: Pearson Edu. Inc, 2008. Hearn, Jeff R. , and Pauline Wendy Parkin. Gender, Sexuality and Vio lence in Organizations: The Unspoken Forces of Organizational Violations. 1 ed. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications ltd, 2002. Neville, Kathleen. Internal Affairs: The Abuse of Power Sexual Harassment and Hypocricy in the Workplace. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1999. Saguy, Abigail C. What is Sexual Harassment? : From Capitol Hill to the Sorbonne. California: University of California Press, 2003. Taylor, Joan. Sexual Harassment: A Non-Adversarial Approach. NYU Press, 2001.

Abraham Lincoln s Political Legacy - 856 Words

In chapter eight of the book Abraham Lincoln’s political legacy is looked at. It goes in depth on how during the Reconstruction, the republican party essentially ruined the South for twelve years by instituting puppet governments that constantly raised taxes but provided very few public benefits (7). This chapter talks also talks about how the republican party stole money from the raised taxes. It seems like the main goal for the government at this point was to become an empire under Abraham Lincoln and his business supporters. â€Å"Lincoln’s own Reconstruction ideas made a mockery of democracy (227). â€Å"He believed that at least 10 percent of the southern population probably had Unionist sympathies, and he wanted representatives of that group to be put into place by the Republican Party as the governors, mayors, and local public officials of the Southern states after the war† (227). Abraham Lincoln seems like he is trying to get all the power he can by taki ng control of the south and making them do certain duties after the war is over. Lincoln was trying to explore Central Government according to Richard Bensel (232). Chapter nine describes Lincoln’s economic legacy (7). Lincoln was trying to get easy votes from the majority of the people and he knew he can do that with the northern states. The south on the other hand did not agree with his policies and the â€Å"American System† he wanted to establish. The only things that were standing in his way to have complete power was, theShow MoreRelatedAbraham Lincoln Has Been An Iconic Figure Of The United1538 Words   |  7 PagesAbraham Lincoln has been an iconic figure of the United States. Abraham Lincoln is viewed as a political icon. He was an idealized and iconic figure in the American culture. 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His story is an astounding one rising from a humble background to become the most powerful man the land. However, at the time when his country needed him most, a tragic and sudden death strikes him. He is assassinated. He left a legacy that endured due to his unique humane personality as a leader of the unionRead MoreAbraham Lincoln s Legacy Of The Man Behind The Gun With A Plan982 Words   |  4 PagesMichael Dominguez Mrs. Gaither English III -5 4 March 2016 Abraham Lincoln Assassination Early morning of April 15, 1865 the United States of America stood still. It started as a normal day at the theatre, but soon a dramatic turn would change United States history forever. This paper will define President Abraham Lincoln’s life, the man behind the gun with a plan, and how the United States reacted. 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Despite the odds, Lincoln persevered through his rough childhood and found his way into politics and laterRead MoreLincolns Emancipation Proclamation Essay1447 Words   |  6 PagesAbraham Lincoln (February 12, 1809 to April 14, 1865) was the 16th president of the United States and is regarded as one of America s greatest heroes due to his role as savior of the Union and emancipator of the slaves. His rise from humble beginnings to achieving the highest office in the land is a remarkable story. He was suddenly and tragically assassinated at a time when his country needed him to complete the great task remaining b efore the nation. His eloquence of democracy and insistence thatRead MoreThe Views On Lincoln s Presidency1738 Words   |  7 Pagesregarding Lincoln’s opinions and policies toward slavery, and the unification of a nation as a whole, I distinguished that several authors have contending visions of Lincoln’s actions during his presidency. Some authors (Dirck, Guelzo, Striner) portray Lincoln as the great emancipator in depicting him as a crusader whose main purpose during the Civil War was only to accomplish the abolishment of slavery. In contrast, some authors (Escott, Gates, Foner, and McPherson) maintain a more critical stance on Lincoln’s

Mathematics History And Mathematics - 1548 Words

Without application of knowledge to this world, especially when a particular knowledge is not being used to its fullest potential such as history and mathematics, it can distort our knowledge on world problems. Both subjects are very significant in life and everyone should have some knowledge on it. The lack of knowledge of both subjects would make things more difficult for numerous of people when it comes to world problems that can affect life such as health/medical problems and future events. The two areas of knowledge that will be focused on are History and Mathematics. History and Mathematics are both very significant and helpful to us humans in this world. According to Wikipedia (2016), Mathematics is the study of topics such as numbers, structure, space, and change. There are many different views among mathematicians and philosophers as to the scope and definition of mathematics. Mathematics seek out patterns and use them to formulate new conjectures. Mathematicians resolve th e truth or falsity of conjectures by mathematical proof. Mathematical reasoning can provide us humans insight or predictions about nature. Mathematics comes from the use of abstraction and logic. The development of mathematics are from counting, calculation, measurement, and the study of shapes and motions of physical objects. Mathematics is very essential in many fields such as in natural science, engineering, medicine, finance and the social sciences. But most importantly medicine becauseShow MoreRelatedHistory of Mathematics1062 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"Mathematics - the unshaken Foundation of Sciences, and the plentiful Fountain of Advantage to human affairs.† (Barrow) Mathematics plays an integral function in our daily living since its conception, and we thank the great mathematicians for this essential tool. Mathematics has been used in various professions and academic fields. Undoubtedly, there have been many men of old that have contributed to the science of mathem atics, but what really captivates our interest, are the ones who were passionateRead MoreThe History of Mathematics Essay627 Words   |  3 Pages What is the meaning of history? According to Merriam-Webster’s online dictionary, history is: past events that relate to a particular subject, place, organization, etc (Merriam-Webster, 2014). Math began in 30000BC and is still changing now in 2014. During each year, something new has happened. From 30000BC to 127BC there were many things happening for the beginning of math. In 30000BC, Palaeolithics in Europe and France recorded numbers on bones. Around 25000BC, there were signs of earlyRead MoreHieroglyphics and History of Mathematics567 Words   |  2 PagesHieroglyphics deal a lot with the history of math, because it was one of the earliest of maths. The ancient Egyptians were the first civilization to practice the scientific arts. It is said that the Egyptians introduced the earliest fully-developed base 10 numeration systems at least as early as 2700 B.C. The word chemistry is derived from the word Alchemy which is the ancient name for Egypt. It was between the third and first millennia B.C. It later then died in 400 AD. This was first used as legalRead MoreEssay on The History of Babylonian Mathematics1569 Words   |  7 PagesThe History of Babylonian Mathematics The history of ancient Babylonia is really long, but this essay is a short and to the point summery of the entire history. The history of Babylonia started near the end of the year 2000 BC, when invaders were attacking the Sumer kingdom. Sumer was a powerful kingdom in the western part of Asia, and it some what occupied what would become Babylonia. After the kingdom of Sumer was destroyed the city-states of Larsa and Isin came into settle on the landRead MoreThe Greek s Education System1173 Words   |  5 Pagesbecause of the reinforcement and promotion of classical studies. Classical studies included subjects similar to Classical Greek Literature, grammar, history, and religion. Since the majority of the teaching time allotted was for literature, it made a huge impact on the education system since it left such a minuscule amount of time to teach mathematics. Internally, one of the main reasons that math has survived in Greek education system was because of â€Å"its flouri sh during antiquity (Gagatsis, DemetriadouRead MoreMath in Special Education Essay948 Words   |  4 PagesAmerica. The United States wants to make sure its students are ready to compete on a global level, and teachers are stepping up to the plate. The National Council of Teachers of Mathematics (NCTM) has led the movement for education reform in mathematics. 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Writing and mathematics are two of the most indispensable creations crafted by the Mesopotamians that helped shaped our society as we know it today. The Mesopotamian conception of writing allowed society to keep records, to document events, and to establish a formal educational system. With the ability to keep records, a system of mathematics was recorded

Presidential Campaigns From George Washington to George...

Book: Presidential Campaigns From George Washington to George Bush Author: Paul F. Boller Jr. Publisher: Oxford University Press Date: 2004 Pages: 479 The Author Paul F. Boller, Jr. was born on December 31, 1916 in Spring Lake, New Jersey. He received a B.A. degree in 1939 and a Ph.D. in 1947, both from Yale University. He served as a Japanese translator for the U.S. Navy from 1942 through 1946 and then as a civilian analyst for the Office of Naval Intelligence in Washington, D.C. He taught history as a professor at several universities, including Southern Methodist University in Dallas, Texas (1948-1966), the University of Texas at Austin (1963), Queens College in New York (summer of 1964), the University of Massachusetts at Boston†¦show more content†¦Much of the book is like this. The author also uses some words to describe people that you can only figure out if you lived in that era of time he was writing about or again if you knew about that time in history. He mention that President Lincoln had dropped McClellan in 1862 for having the â€Å"slows† (page 116). In this case â€Å"slows â€Å" means that he was slow to attack the enemy and not as aggressive as Lincoln wanted him to be. If you know a little about history then this book would be substantially more enjoyable. Otherwise you might end up looking up names and phrases all day long to figure out what the author is talking about. I personally enjoyed the book. It was a quick read and kept me entertained and wanting to read more. The author manages to keep the readers attention with just enough humor and a nice brief but informative campaign summary. Its short and sweet. Its funny to read about how little some things have changed and even how some things have gotten worse. These days the candidates have access to more of each others pasts and do not hesitate to expose even the dirtiest of things and use the dirtiest of tactics in order to be president. It will never again be the same as when George Washington became President of the United States. He didnt even want the job, â€Å"Washington, who was fifty six, had mixed feelings about the honor,†

Brutus and Antony Free Essays

What can you do to be seen as an exceptional adequate speaker? Brutus and Antony are both noble people that are both fair speakers in William Shakespeare’s play, Julius Cesar. Both people spoke at Cesar’s funeral trying to persuade their audience about his death. Brutus, who killed Cesar, tries to explain to the audience why he did such a thing, and Antony explains why what Brutus did was wrong. We will write a custom essay sample on Brutus and Antony or any similar topic only for you Order Now Although Brutus was a good orator and uses rhetoric well, Antony had the more persuasive speech overall. Antony had better use of emotional appeals, loaded words, and tone. Emotional appeals are arguments that attempt to persuade by feelings. Since Antony can’t say that Brutus is a bad person, he starts off with an ethical appeal. â€Å"The noble Brutus† (5). However, he says that line sarcastically, and soon proves to his audience that Brutus is wrong about Cesar by using an emotional appeal. â€Å"Hath told you Cesar was ambitious If it were so, it was grievous fault, And grievously hath Cesar answered it† (6-8). He’s great at getting the audience thinking about if Brutus is actually noble and is one reason why Antony is a better speaker than Brutus. Second, loaded words are words that have strong emotional tones beyond its meaning. Antony uses loaded words to sway the people into his thinking that Caesar was good. â€Å"For Brutus is an honorable man, So are they all, all honorable men†(11-12). â€Å"Yet Brutus says he was ambitious; And yet Brutus is an honorable man†(25-26). He repeats these lines often throughout his speech. Antony uses words like honorable and ambitious. This can be seen as a momentum that pushes his argument further. By the use of loaded words, Antony catches the attention of the of his audience and persuades them in a great manor. Lastly, tone, which is the speaker’s attitude toward the audience. Mark Antony uses a subtle and eloquent tone in his speech. This is in contrast to the rational tone of Brutus’s speech. â€Å"Friends, Romans, countrymen, lend me your ears;† (1). Whereas Brutus’ speech starts off more weak and and calmer which wouldn’t grab the audience’s attention as much as Antony’s beginning speech. Overall, Antony had a more persuasive speech and it probably made the audience feel more included. He used a lot of appeals that let his audience to be more persuaded by his speech. He had a more stronger connection towards the audience and used skilled rhetoric, iambic meter, and manipulation in his speech. How to cite Brutus and Antony, Essay examples

In Flanders Fields Essay Example For Students

In Flanders Fields Essay In Flanders FieldsIn Flanders fields the poppies blow Between the crosses, row on row,That mark our place; and in the skyThe larks, still bravely singing, flyScarce heard amid the guns below.We are the Dead. Short days agoWe lived, felt dawn, saw sunset glow,Loved, and were loved, and now we lieIn Flanders fields.Take up our quarrel with the foe:To you from failing hands we throwThe torch; be yours to hold it high.If ye break faith with us who dieWe shall not sleep, though poppies growIn Flanders fields.#9;John McCraes ;quot;In Flanders Fields;quot; as a Canadian Cultural Artifact;nbsp;The poem, ;quot;In Flanders Fields;quot; written by Canadian John McCrae remains one of the most important and memorable pieces of war poems ever written. John McCrae came from a respectable family and became a soldier/ doctor/ author/ teacher. Though he wrote textbooks on medicine and numerous poems he will be forever remembered as being the voice of the many who had fallen during WWI. ;quot;In Flande rs Field,;quot; stirred the hearts of soldiers and their familys everywhere- not just Canada. In a simple language and with flowing verse it vividly evoked the situation and emotions of the front line troops. John McCraes poem later inspired the poppy to become the symbol of Remembrance and sacrifice.;#9;John McCrae was born in Guelph, Ontario on November 30,1872 to two established, respectable and hardworking Scottish parents, David McCrae and Janet Simpson Eckford. The McCraes were staunch Presbyterians with the resilience and self-reliance of second-generation pioneers in Canada. David McCrae instilled a strong sense of duty and healthy respect for military values in his two sons. John McCrae was offered a scholarship from the University of Toronto in 1888 where he went on to study physiology and pathology as well, McCrae wrote poetry for the school paper The Varsity. From there he graduated from medical school with a gold medal for his outstanding academic performance. In 1899 h e moved to Montreal to accept a fellowship in pathology and to study at the McGill University School of Medicine. Although McCrae was devoted to his medical career; when the Boer War erupted he was one of the first volunteers who wished to go and contribute to the defense of the Empire. John McCrae had been brought up to cherish the duty of fighting for ones country and was eager to do his part. The Boer (in 1899) war was his first experience where his military skills as a soldier came before his role of doctor. When Britain declared war in 1917 and joined forces with the Allied powers, Canada followed suit immediately. McCrae had seen first hand the deadly effects of war and had no illusions of what to expect. McCrae was assigned to be surgeon to the 1st Field Artillery Brigade. He felt he was one of the most qualified doctor-soldiers in the country and felt his obligation to the country and to the Empire. McCraes greatest test would come when his Canadian contingent were sent to t he Ypres Salient. Up to this point the Canadians were not regarded as fighting soldiers and were thus given the assignment of occupying this relatively quite sector of the front. The importance of Ypres would soon be realized when on April 22, 1915 the German line used the first poisonous gas attack in war against the Canadians and Algerians troops to gain access to the important roads that intersected in Ypres. The Algerian troops fled leaving a gap of six kilometers along the trench system. Now the German side had the ability to take control of the area. Somehow the gap was filled with the Canadians who even managed to counterattack, a strategy that came as a complete surprise to the Germans. John McCraes post was near a particularly dangerous section of the road. The Germans had it covered with artillery fire for seventeen days of battle. McCrae would later write:#9;quot;Seventeen days of Hades! At the end of the first day if anyone had told us we had to spend seventeen days ther e, we would have folded our hands and said it could not be done. After the Second Battle of Ypres there was no longer any doubt of the courage and strength of the Canadian troops. On May 2nd, McCraes close friend and one time student, Lieutenant Alexis H. Helmer was killed by a German shell. McCrae performed the burial himself in the absence of a chaplain service that night to avoid any enemy detention. The next day during a lull in the fighting, McCrae took a break and stared at the cemetery where his friend was buried the day before. He noticed that each day the rows of white crosses grew longer and the field of Flanders was carpeted with blood red poppies. John McCrae then spent twenty minutes scribbling fifteen lines of verse on a scrap piece of paper. When he was done he took the piece of paper and gave it to Cyril Allinson, a twenty-two year old sergeant major who was delivering mail that day. Allinson describes the seen:quot;The poem was exactly an exact description of the sc ene in front of us both. He used the word blow in that line because the poppies actually were being blown that morning by a gentle east wind. It never occurred to me at that time that it would ever be published. It seemed to me just an exact description of the scene.quot; General Morrison wrote, quot;this poem was literally born of fire and blood during the hottest phases of the 2nd Battle of Ypres.quot; The poem was eventually sent to England. The Spectator in London rejected it but Punch published it on December 8, 1915. Physics Problem EssayGranfield, Linda. In Flanders Fields: The Story of the Poem by John McCrae. Toronto: Lester Publishing Limited, 1995. In Flanders Fields Museum. September 1998. http://www.inflandersfield.be (October 12,1999). McCrae, John. In Flanders Fields. Toronto: William Briggs, 1919. Prescott, John F. In Flanders Fields: The Story of John McCrae. Ontario: The Boston Mill Press, 1985. Ruggenberg, Rob. ;quot;In Flanders Fields.;quot; The Heritage of the Great War. 1995. http://www.iaenv.nl/users/robr/poppies.html (October 12, 1999). Smithson, Dan. In Flanders Fields. Toronto: Fitzhenry ;amp; Whiteside Limited, 1984. Vance, F Jonathan. Death So Noble: Memory, Meaning and the First World War. Vancouver: UBC Press, 1997.