Global health Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Global health - Assignment Example In the year 2005 alone, over 17.5million persons succumbed to cardiovascular diseases. This is a staggering 30% representation of deaths globally (World Health Organization, 2014). Deaths related to cardiovascular diseases is mainly common in developing countries and global health stakeholders need to improve healthcare systems in such countries. Malnutrition is another health issue that still needs to be eradicated globally and in particular, in the developing world. At the present, mortality rate among children aged 5years and below stand at 7.5million annually. This is a case whereby preventable measures may involve establishing efficient healthcare systems and funding to sustain such systems in the long term basis. On another note, infectious diseases is also causing headache to global healthcare stakeholders such as the World Health Organization (WHO). In 2008 alone, over 6.7 million persons succumbed to infectious disease. This prevalence rate is higher compared to persons who die from natural causes or other man-made catastrophes (Ney, 2012). HIV/AIDS is still a menace globally and new infections are reported almost on a daily basis. Much has been done to eradicate Tuberculosis; however, while the treatment is free, Tuberculosis is still a major cause of death in the developing world as a result of ignorance and lack of concerted effort from healthcare stakeholders in various countries, especially the developing world Malaria on the other hand, records high mortality rate among children aged below five years because a lack of primary prevention, and in particular, the Sub-Saharan Africa (Lavery et al., 2013). The solutions to global health problems require a thourough research by the major stakeholders. This allows the establishment of proper mechanisms or policies to deal with global health problems and avoid the mismanagement of funds channeled to solve the various global health problems. The

How to Choose Your Topic Essay Essay Example for Free

How to Choose Your Topic Essay Essay Good evening Ladies and Gentleman , my name is Adam Maljan. Before we proceed , I would like to ask all of you a simple question . Have any of you had any difficulties on choosing a topic when you are asked to present to an audience ? If your answer is yes , then Do Not Worry . Because you see i. Choosing a topic for a speech is no easy thing to do . Especially if you are a student preparing a speech for your subject . ii. I myself had a hard time in choosing a topic for a public speaking event when I was in my 2nd semester as a diploma student . It took me days just to find the right topic which everyone can understand and relate to easily. Today , I would like to talk to you about how to choose or at least narrow down your choices of topic using the simple criteria of Knowing your theme , Listing and narrowing Down and researching and gaining confidence. The first criteria in order to choose your topic is that you should know your theme. For example , the seminar you were invited to talk to is about Health . But Health, as we all know, is a general topic , there are multiple subtopics that you can relate to with health ,some are maintaining a healthy lifestyle , how to reduce the risk of heart disease, effects of obesity and many more . So if this situation happens to you . Please do not panic , because once you identify your theme or topic using the general topic given to you, you can now look at your audience and use them to determine your decision on which topic to present . For example, if your audience is mostly teenagers , then you can choose the topic on maintaining a healthy lifestyle topic , but if it is mostly senior citizens , then it is better for you to choose the topic on how to reduce the risk of heart disease. The same goes with women or children .

Overcoming Physical, Cultural and Communicative Barriers

Overcoming Physical, Cultural and Communicative Barriers INTRODUCTION Organisation support to equality and diversity is key factor to reduce communication issues such as language and culture. There are lots of methods to improve equality and diversity in an organisation. Inside of organisation we are making a comprehensive working, examining and studying over environment where contrasts are esteemed and uniformity of chance is progressed. The emphasis is on keeping on delivering a reasonable support of our clients by meeting the changing needs of worldwide different groups. LANGUAGE AND CULTURE In this case, language is the key factor in the success of any organization. But low wellbeing proficiency, social obstructions, and constrained English capability have been authored the triple danger to compelling health communication. (Kate Singleton 2009) People often feel that communication is as easy and simple as its sound. It describes what we would want to communicate with others, how we interact with others. We need to use good communication with clients, their relatives and our colleges. Sometime language barriers create misunderstandings between receiver and provider it affects delay health services likewise client do not understand the instruction given by provider due to poor pronunciation, because they are from different culture and communities. So we need to speak effective and efficient language at work place that all are clearly understood. (Asma Zaineb 2010) On the other hand, patients from culture minority gatherings may be more subjected to the impacts of low wellbeing education than patients from the overwhelming society due to collaborations between proficiency, multifaceted correspondence barrier including culture, and the experience of bias. Barriers occur at customer level, seller’s level and management level. For instance, NZ considered patient with low wellbeing education may have the capacity to speak with attendants, explore the human services framework, and self-deal with the infection more viably than another culture and religion person who additionally shows low wellbeing proficiency. The local conceived patient would have the capacity to depend on English capability and rather than another public people. Likewise culturally safe practice is setting up a trusting association with the client and an Organization. . (Tiatia j. 2008) ORGANISATION SUPPORT TO EQUALITY AND DIVERSITY Equal opportunities with circumstances and differences administration show the standards of advancing work environment balance and assorted qualities with diverse hypothetical bases; their reasons being in the first the need to offer social equity and in the last, the needs of the association (Noon and Obgonna, 2001) e.g. to enhance administration quality. ‘Fulfilments with administration’ system causes decide how to enhance the nature of consideration in your associations administrations and clients encounters of them. Individuals have a tendency to be fulfilled by administrations when their experience coordinates their positive desires. Desires are framed by numerous elements, including the needs and attributes of the administration client. Normal elements for thought incorporate responsiveness and the capacity to resolve boundaries. (State administrations commission 2008). The procedures to manage differing qualities issues can be partitioned into individual level adm inistration methods, for example, understanding, compassion, correspondence, tolerance or authoritative level methodologies, approaches, practices, culture and preparing (Denisi and Griffin, 2001). METHODS OF COMMUNICATING COMMITMENT PLANS Planning is aptitudes that generally need to meet up to accomplish a successful result. planning include thinking and preparing assignments that need to be done to accomplish particular objectives. Arranging is an instrument to deal with a venture, an occupation, a movement or a circumstance that you are going to embrace. It is straightforwardly connected with scheduling, time administration and finds solutions to reduce barriers. For example, a nurse working in hospital she set up care plan for patient, firstly she check the priority need of patient and then set up care plan after will implement to patient step by step for early recovery and prevention and manage her time to do these activities in last she evaluate the results and take feedback from them they are happy with services. TEAM MEETINGS It plays vital role in an organization. Team gatherings are critical instruments for managing group assignments and efficiency. Successful group meetings take into account open discussion that draws upon every individual’s learning, aptitudes, and viewpoints to tackle issues and errors in services each other in succeeding the groups joint objectives. On the other hand, it is normal that both the clients and, particularly, the persons serving them know their own roles and duties act as needs be to diminish social and language errors. (Salo-Lee, 1996) ROLES AND RESPONISIBILITIES It is most important part of organizations how to apply roles and responsibilities to improve better services and overcome the barriers. The main responsibility of stakeholder to manage workforce planning, change management, learning and development, employment attractiveness (State services commission 2008) it helps to reduce physical, cultural and language barriers. WORKFORCE PLANNING Workforce arranging is an essential business system to empower future arranging, expect change, deal with the workforce, and meet business objectives. (State administrations commission 2008).For example, in an organisation, the main role of owner to evaluate the legal responsibility for promoting equality and reduced discrimination, and confirm about commitments are fulfilled. CHANGE MANAGEMENT The procedure of progress must be overseen and arranged – both from an organization and from an individual viewpoint. Change administration is a deliberate way to deal with managing these progressions, and includes adjusting to change, controlling change, and effecting administrations. Give information to employee about new policies and procedures we are adding in organisation so they easily understood and adapt. (State administrations commission 2008) LEARNING AND DEVELOPMENT A learning and improvement method helps adjust, plan, needs, structure, incorporate and assess learning and advancement exercises. This serves to address capacity issues, enhance execution, and hold great staff. It is important to overcome lapse in quality consideration. (State administrations commission 2008) For example, the Human Resources Department is responsible for giving respect to staff and implementing related policies and procedures. They ensure all staff receives appropriate equality and diversity inclusion training. OCCUPATIONAL ATTRACTIVENESS Your occupation allure is the way individuals see your association as a work environment. An in number brand can empower associations to enhance the quantity of brilliant candidates requisitioning occupations; they give extensive administrations to customers and enhance worker exertion and execution. (State administrations commission 2008) TIMESCALE The span of time within which certain events occur or are scheduled to occur considered in relation to any broader period of time. In health care system it means data collection, accurate recording and reporting of clients records up to date and time. For examples when health care assistant provide any care to patient maintain their records on accurate time and date it helps to diminish errors. AUDIT Clinical review is the efficient examination of the nature of social insurance, including the systems utilized for conclusion, treatment and consideration, the utilization of assets and the subsequent result and personal satisfaction for the client. The clinical review lead ought to have a prominent inside of the association, and must champion clinical review both to partners and administration alike. POLICY REFORM The administration as of late presented an arrangement of essential consideration changes went for enhancing wellbeing and lessening variations by diminishing co-instalments, moving from charge for administration to capitation and advancing population wellbeing management (Science directs 2005). The objective of policy if any type of discrimination or harassment by a member of staff in case of sex, age, physical disability and religion it take extremely and may corrective action being taken. ALLOCATION OF RESOURCES Advancing wellbeing and standing up to disease difficulties require activity over a scope of exercises in the wellbeing framework. This incorporates upgrades in the policy making and stewardship part of Governments, better access to HR, drugs, therapeutic gear, and consumables, and a more prominent engagement of both open and private suppliers of administrations. The best projects additionally consolidate components of group training that move state of mind over the long time. The requirement for intercessions to be association and even area particular is additionally suggested. CONCLUSION AND DISCUSSION In conclusion I described how to overcome physical, cultural and language barriers, what kind of services we need to use in an organization to promote good quality services. How can organization support to equality and diversity. There are lots of methods to provide fairly and quality care to provider and to overcome the barriers in an effective organization. The use of health services is the process of seeking professional health care and submitting oneself to the application of regular health services, with the purpose to prevent or treat health problems and promote equality and diversity. REFFRENCES Asma Zaineb (2010), Barriers to effective communication in an organisation and overcoming it retrieved from http://blog.commlabindia.com. Tiatia j. (2008) Ministry of Health Organisation. Pacific cultural competencies retrieved from http://www.moh.govt.nz. State Services commission April (2008). Implementing and monitoring equality and diversity retrieved from www.ssc.govt.nz. Science Direct (2005), Reducing health disparities through primary care reform the New Zealand experiment http://www.sciencedirect.com. POWERPOINT PRESENTATION POINTS LANGUAGE (1ST SLIDE) Low wellbeing proficiency, social obstructions, and constrained English capability have been authored the triple danger to compelling health communication. Sometime language barriers create misunderstandings between receiver and provider because they are from different culture and communities. CULTURE (2ND SLIDE) Patients from culture minority gatherings may be more subjected to the impacts of low wellbeing ORGANISATION SUPPORT TO EQUALITY AND DIVERSITY (3RD SLIDE) Equal opportunities Fulfilments with administration The procedures to manage differing qualities issues can be partitioned into individual level administration methods.

Modern Times :: Free Essay Writer

Modern Times Boredom breeds blood and poison. In today’s society, it fails to surprise us that children continue to cling to the messages within music, television, and magazines. Such media portrayals tend to then set a model for how we develop our behavioral patterns. However, once a trend grows old or out of style, a strong sense of apathy results, if only for even a split second. In the long run, when such children feel out of place and their emotions run them rather than their minds, chaos results. We have seen several examples of this natural desire to rebel against authority in today’s world; take a look at Dylan Klebold and Eric Harris of Littleton, Colorado. The media definitely exists as our voice of reason when taking into account incidents such as this — for our entire lives, it is all we have known. The mindset of the nineteenth century Romanticists seems unbelievably similar to that of the youths in America. Both time periods ultimately ended up indirec tly encouraging one’s naturally hidden desire to revolt against the rules and conventions of society. Romanticism placed a major emphasis on reason through the arts. Literature, for instance, created the classic hero — a mysterious, melancholy figure who felt out of step with the world, thus yearning for freedom. Such writing — the media — determined and verified this approach and definition of life. In the nineteenth century, Lord Byron, Victor Huge, and Sir Walter Scott, among others, proved to be responsible for the promotion of such instincts toward rebellion. The arts during this time period certainly conveyed incredibly violent energy and emotion as well, thus calling for the defense of the rights of man. Since hypocrisy seemed to engulf humanity, a strong emphasis was placed on one’s imagination. Was the test then the same as now? Certainly! Both time periods utilized the power of the hero to survive death and despair; the creative spirit always seemed to prevail. Overall, everything then and now revolves around emotion and our natural ability to distinguish right from wrong. It only seems sane to allow one to make his or her own judgements based on his or her mistakes. Modern Times :: Free Essay Writer Modern Times Boredom breeds blood and poison. In today’s society, it fails to surprise us that children continue to cling to the messages within music, television, and magazines. Such media portrayals tend to then set a model for how we develop our behavioral patterns. However, once a trend grows old or out of style, a strong sense of apathy results, if only for even a split second. In the long run, when such children feel out of place and their emotions run them rather than their minds, chaos results. We have seen several examples of this natural desire to rebel against authority in today’s world; take a look at Dylan Klebold and Eric Harris of Littleton, Colorado. The media definitely exists as our voice of reason when taking into account incidents such as this — for our entire lives, it is all we have known. The mindset of the nineteenth century Romanticists seems unbelievably similar to that of the youths in America. Both time periods ultimately ended up indirec tly encouraging one’s naturally hidden desire to revolt against the rules and conventions of society. Romanticism placed a major emphasis on reason through the arts. Literature, for instance, created the classic hero — a mysterious, melancholy figure who felt out of step with the world, thus yearning for freedom. Such writing — the media — determined and verified this approach and definition of life. In the nineteenth century, Lord Byron, Victor Huge, and Sir Walter Scott, among others, proved to be responsible for the promotion of such instincts toward rebellion. The arts during this time period certainly conveyed incredibly violent energy and emotion as well, thus calling for the defense of the rights of man. Since hypocrisy seemed to engulf humanity, a strong emphasis was placed on one’s imagination. Was the test then the same as now? Certainly! Both time periods utilized the power of the hero to survive death and despair; the creative spirit always seemed to prevail. Overall, everything then and now revolves around emotion and our natural ability to distinguish right from wrong. It only seems sane to allow one to make his or her own judgements based on his or her mistakes.

My Philosophy of Nursing Essay

The main purpose of the paper is to express my personal philosophy of nursing. The paper provides an observation of a framework of my personal practice of nursing and the reasons why I choose nursing as a profession. The issue is extremely important to be studied, researched, and analyzed as it represents the theoretical basis of each nurse and highly supports one’s life philosophy and the system of interaction the nurse has with the rest of the society. Special attention is paid to the attitude that nurses have to their patients, family members, other nurses, and health care professionals as this has the major impact on the nursing practice in general. In order to define a personal philosophy of nursing, it is very important to understand the meaning of the term â€Å"philosophy†. As for me, this issue can be perfectly addressed with the definition that presents philosophy as a specific attitude towards life and reality that evolves according to the beliefs of each nur se (Edwards, 1997). This definition is really useful as it gives the freedom to use my own beliefs and experience to talk about this issue. The real nature of nursing is quite diverse, and it has been always a subject for a discussion among professionals trying to define whether nursing is a science or an art. I see that there is a place for both these terms when we talk about real nursing practice (June, 2004). The attitude towards nursing in my personal life has been forming through the years, beginning with my first dreams of becoming a nurse that were motivated with the desire to wear white uniform like people that I saw on television. However, as the time passed, my vision of nursing has gone through serious changes. I understood that nurse is not just a person in a uniform, but a professional who can make differences in a patient’s life. During the period when I was trying to make my final decision about the future professional career, I was lucky to be able to talk to and followed by real professional nurse that was trying to teach me and my family members how to look after my grandmother. This outstanding experience showed me the real meaning of this profession; therefore, I was able to see what I was going to be in future. As it is known, some researchers see nursing as an art. This tendency began with the first comparisons trying to see nursing as an art in metaphorical sense, not in the way we see fine art. These definitions were present in the works of Florence Nightingale in the end of the 19th century, when the  scientists were trying to adhere to nursing quality. The main issue then was the question whether there is a highest and most desirable level of nursing practice (Austgard, 2006). These thoughts and ideas are now developed in the works of Benner as this researcher also evolves the importance of quality level of nursing and caring (Benner, 1984). It is extremely important to pay attention to caring and the level of interactions between professionals and patents, their family members and the other medical workers. My personal way of interacting is based on the personal experience of taking care of my grandmother; therefore, I try to build my attitude to patients on the basis of trust and partnership. I find these aspects extremely important for the successful nursing practice. The same refers to the attitude I have towards my coworkers. As it can be seen, the nursing practice is an extremely complex issue that requires close attention and proper analysis. It is crucial for every professional to develop one’s own philosophy of nursing. This process is long and can take the whole life. It also requires attention to such factor as the character of interacting with the patients, their family members, and coworkers. This issue is so important, because the successful nursing professional can play a decisive role in patients’ life. References Austgard, K. (2006). The aesthetic experience of nursing. Nursing Philosophy, 7(1), 11-19. Benner, P. (1984). From novice to expert: Excellence and power in clinical nursing practice (2 ed.). Menlo Park, CA: Addison – Wesley. Edwards, S. D. (1997). What is philosophy of nursing? Journal of Advanced Nursing, 25(2), 1089-1093. June, K. F. (2004). Towards a philosophic theory of nursing. Nursing Philosophy, 5(1), 79-83.

Bristol Beaufighter in World War II

Bristol Beaufighter in World War II General Specifications: Length:  41  ft., 4  in.Wingspan:  57  ft., 10  in.Height:  15  ft., 10  in.Wing Area:  503  sq. ft.Empty Weight:  15,592  lbs.Max Takeoff Weight:  25,400  lbs.Crew:  2 Performance: Maximum Speed:  320  mphRange:  1,750  milesService Ceiling:  19,000  ft.Power Plant:  Ã‚  2 Ãâ€"  Bristol Hercules  14-cylinder  radial engines, 1,600 hp each Armament: 4 Ãâ€" 20 mm  Hispano Mk III cannon4 Ãâ€" .303 in.  Browning machine guns  (outer starboard wing)2 Ãâ€" .303 in.  machine gun (outer port wing)8 Ãâ€"  RP-3 rockets  or  2Ãâ€" 1,000 lb.  bombs Design and Development In 1938, Bristol Aeroplane Company approached the Air Ministry with a proposal for a twin-engine, cannon-armed heavy fighter based on its Beaufort torpedo bomber which was then entering production.  Intrigued by this offer due to development problems with the Westland Whirlwind, the Air Ministry asked Bristol to pursue design of a new aircraft armed with four cannons.  To make this request official, Specification F.11/37 was issued calling for a twin-engine, two-seat, day/night fighter/ground support aircraft.  It was expected that the design and development process would be expedited as the fighter would utilize many of the Beauforts features. While the Beauforts performance was adequate for a torpedo bomber, Bristol recognized the need for improvement if the aircraft was to serve as a fighter.  As a result, the Beauforts Taurus engines were removed and replaced with the more powerful Hercules model.  Though the Beauforts aft fuselage section, control surfaces, wings, and landing gear were retained, the forward parts of the fuselage were heavily redesigned.  This was due to the need to mount the Hercules engines on longer, more flexible struts which shifted the aircrafts center of gravity.  To rectify this issue, the forward fuselage was shortened.  This proved a simple fix as the Beauforts bomb bay was eliminated as was the bombardiers seat.   Dubbed the Beaufighter, the new aircraft mounted four 20  mm Hispano Mk III cannons in the lower fuselage and six  .303 in. Browning machine guns in the wings.  Due to the location of the landing light, the machines guns were situated with four in the starboard wing and two in the port.  Using a two-man crew, the Beaufighter placed the pilot forward while a navigator/radar operator sat further aft.  Construction of a prototype commenced by using parts from an unfinished Beaufort.  Though it was expected that the prototype could be built quickly, the necessary redesign of the forward fuselage led to delays.  As a result, the first Beaufighter flew on July 17, 1939. Production Pleased with the initial design, the Air Ministry ordered 300 Beaufighters two weeks before the prototypes maiden flight.  Though a bit heavy and slower than hoped, the design was available for production when Britain entered World War II that September.  With the beginning of hostilities, orders for the Beaufighter increased, which led to a shortage of Hercules engines.  As a result, experiments began in February 1940 to equip the aircraft with the Rolls-Royce Merlin.  This proved successful and the techniques employed were used when the Merlin was installed on the Avro Lancaster.  During the course of the war, 5,928 Beaufighters were constructed at plants in Britain and Australia. During its production run, the Beaufighter moved through numerous marks and variants.  These generally saw alterations to the types power plant, armament, and equipment.  Of these, the TF Mark X proved the most numerous at 2,231 built.  Equipped to carry torpedoes in addition to its regular armament, the TF Mk X earned the nickname Torbeau and was also capable of carrying RP-3 rockets.  Other marks were specially-equipped for night fighting or ground attack. Operational History  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Entering service September 1940, the Beaufighter quickly became the Royal Air Forces most effective night fighter.  Though not intended for this role, its arrival coincided with the development of airborne interception radar sets.  Mounted in the Beaufighters large fuselage, this equipment allowed the aircraft to provide a solid defense against German night bombing raids in 1941.  Like the German Messerschmitt Bf 110, the Beaufighter unintentionally remained in the night fighter role for much of the war and was used by both the RAF and US Army Air Forces.  In the RAF, it was later replaced by radar-equipped De Havilland Mosquitoes while the USAAF later supplanted Beaufighter night fighters with the Northrop P-61 Black Widow. Used in all theaters by Allied forces, the Beaufighter quickly proved adept at conducting low-level strike and anti-shipping missions.  As a result, it was widely employed by Coastal Command to attack German and Italian shipping.  Working in concert, Beaufighters would strafe enemy ships with their cannons and guns to suppress anti-aircraft fire while torpedo-equipped aircraft would strike from low altitude.  The aircraft fulfilled a similar role in the Pacific and, while operating in conjunction with American A-20 Bostons and B-25 Mitchells, played a key role in the Battle of the Bismarck Sea in March 1943.  Renowned for its ruggedness and reliability, the Beaufighter remained in use by Allied forces through the end of the war. Retained after the conflict, some RAF Beaufighters saw brief service in the Greek Civil War in 1946 while many were converted for use as target tugs.  The last aircraft left RAF service in 1960.  During the course of its career, the Beaufighter flew in the air forces of numerous countries including Australia, Canada, Israel, Dominican Republic, Norway, Portugal, and South Africa.

All Roads Lead to the Ancient Network of Roman Roads

All Roads Lead to the Ancient Network of Roman Roads The Romans created a network of roads all across the empire. Initially, they were built to move troops to and from trouble spots. They were also used for speedy communication and ease of pre-motorized travel. Roman roads, specifically  viae, were the veins and arteries of the Roman military system. Through these highways, armies could march across the Empire from the Euphrates to the Atlantic. They say, All roads lead to Rome. The idea probably comes from the so-called Golden Milestone (Milliarium Aureum), a marker in the Roman Forum listing the roads leading throughout the Empire and their distances from the milestone. Appian Way The most famous Roman road is the Appian Way (Via Appia) between Rome and Capua, built by the censor Appius Claudius (later, known as Ap. Claudius Caecus blind) in 312 B.C., site of his descendant Clodius Pulchers murder. A few years before the (virtually) gang warfare that led to Clodius death, the road was the site of the crucifixion of the followers of Spartacus when the combined forces of Crassus and Pompey finally put an end to the slave revolt. Via Flaminia In Northern Italy, the censor Flaminius made arrangements for another road, the Via Flaminia (to Ariminum), in 220 B.C. after the Gallic tribes had submitted to Rome. Roads in the Provinces As Rome expanded, it built many roads in the provinces for military and administrative purposes. The first roads in Asia Minor were built in 129 B.C. when Rome inherited Pergamum. The city of Constantinople  was at one end of the road known as the Egnatian Way (Via Egnatia [á ¼ËœÃŽ ³ÃŽ ½ÃŽ ±Ãâ€žÃŽ ¯ÃŽ ± á ½â€°ÃŽ ´ÃÅ'Ï‚]) The road, built in the second century B.C., went through the provinces of Illyricum, Macedonia, and Thrace, starting at the Adriatic at the city of Dyrrachium. It was constructed by order of Gnaeus Egnatius, proconsul of Macedonia. Roman Road Markings Milestones on the roads give the date of construction. During the Empire, the emperors name was included. Some would have provided a place for water for humans and horses. Their purpose was to show miles, so they might include distance in Roman miles to important places or the end point of the particular road. The roads did not have a foundation layer. Stones were laid directly on topsoil. Where the path was steep, steps were created. There were different paths for vehicles and for pedestrian traffic. Sources Colin M. Wells, Roger Wilson, David H. French, A. Trevor Hodge, Stephen L. Dyson, David F. Graf Roman Empire The Oxford Companion to Archaeology. Brian M. Fagan, ed., Oxford University Press 1996Etruscan and Roman Roads in Southern Etruria, by J. B. Ward Perkins.  The Journal of Roman Studies, Vol. 47, No. 1/2. (1957), pp. 139-143.   A History of Rome to the Death of Caesar, by Walter Wybergh How, Henry Devenish Leigh; Longmans, Green, and Co., 1896.

The Experts Guide to the AP Biology Exam

The Expert's Guide to the AP Biology Exam SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips If you're taking AP Biology, it's a good idea to familiarize yourself with the exam before you get too far into the course. Preparing ahead of time for the AP exam format and fully understanding which concepts are covered on the AP Biology test can go a long way toward earning a high score (and potentially getting college credit!). This article will take you through the structure and scoring of the AP Bio exam and give you some key tips on the best ways to study for AP Biology. How Is the AP Biology Exam Structured? The AP Biology test has a multiple-choice section (that also includes grid-in questions, so it’s not purely multiple choice) and a free-response section. It is three hours long in total. The next AP Biology exam will take place on Monday, May 11, 2020, at 8 am. Multiple-Choice Section The first section on AP Bio consists of multiple-choice questions and a handful of grid-in questions. Here's an overview of what to expect: 63 multiple-choice questions Six grid-in questions 90 minutes long Worth 50% of your score Grid-in questions ask you to integrate math and science skills to make calculations and then enter your answer into a grid on the answer sheet (essentially, these are short-response questions that are similar to grid-in questions on the SAT Math section). Free-Response Section The second section is the free-response section, which looks like this: Six short-response questions Two long-response questions 90 minutes long (including a 10-minute reading period) Worth 50% of your score (25% for the short responses and 25% for the long responses) One of the long-response questions will be lab- or data-based, while all short-response questions require you to write at least a paragraph for your response or argument. Expectations of the AP Biology Exam Here's what both sections on the AP Biology test expect you to know how to do: Understand how graphical and mathematical models can be used to explain biological principles and concepts Make predictions and justify events based on biological principles Implement your knowledge of proper experimental design Interpret data Is this coffee smiling at me? Or am I delirious from lack of sleep? What's Tested on the AP Biology Exam? 4 Big Ideas The AP Biology test doesn't include a set number of questions that deal with each topic area, but you should note that the exam is centered around four major themes (or "Big Ideas," as the College Board calls them). Here's a list of these themes, followed by the topics that fall beneath each of them: Big Idea 1: The Process of Evolution Drives the Diversity and Unity of Life Topics that fall into this category include the following: Natural selection Mathematical modeling of populations Species classification Biodiversity Big Idea 2: Biological Systems Utilize Free Energy and Molecular Building Blocks to Grow, to Reproduce, and to Maintain Dynamic Homeostasis Topics that fall into this category include the following: Molecular biology Cell structure Photosynthesis Cellular respiration Thermodynamics and homeostasis The immune response Big Idea 3: Living Systems Store, Retrieve, Transmit, and Respond to Info That's Essential to Life Processes Here are the main topics in this category: Genetics The cell cycle (mitosis and meiosis) Viruses Communication between cells The endocrine system The nervous system Big Idea 4: Biological Systems Interact, and These Systems and Their Interactions Have Complex Properties The topics that fall into this category include the following: Plant structure Enzymes The circulatory system Digestion The musculoskeletal system Ecology AP Biology Sample Questions Now that you have a basic content outline, here are some examples of the types of questions you'll see on the AP Biology test so that you can get an even better idea of what to expect. Multiple-Choice Here is an example of a multiple-choice AP Biology exam question: This question looks kind of complicated, but let’s break it down. The first sentence is background information that isn’t really necessary for answering the question, besides the fact that it tells us we’re talking about sickle cell anemia. This is helpful if you can remember basic facts about the disease that you can use to contextualize the question. The main part of the question asks what will be affected when you replace a hydrophilic amino acid with a hydrophobic one on a hemoglobin protein. Based on your knowledge of sickle cell anemia and molecular properties, you should be able to eliminate choices B and C, which don’t have much to do with the abnormality described in the question. Choice D can also be eliminated because the internal secondary structure of the protein is not altered by the existence of the hydrophobic group. This would only affect how the molecule interacts externally with other hemoglobin molecules, as in choice A (the correct answer). Grid-In Here’s an example of a grid-in question that you might see on the AP Biology test: This question just asks you to read a graph and perform some basic calculations. We can see from the graph that from day 3 to day 5, the population size grew from 200 to 900 individuals. This means that it increased by 700 individuals in total. If we divide 700 by the time period of two days, that's a mean growth rate of 350 individuals per day. Therefore, you would enter â€Å"350† into the grid for this question. Bacteria gettin' it on. Short Free Response Here’s an example of a short free-response question you might see on the AP Biology test: On this particular question, you could earn a maximum of 4 points (one for each type of data you describe in part a and one for the explanation for each in part b). Here are three types of data and their corresponding explanations you could cite for points: Option 1 Data Description: The ability of the plants to produce viable seeds/offspring in nature Explanation: This is consistent with the definition of a biological species Option 2 Data Description: Comparison of the two plants’ DNA sequences or structures of other conserved molecules. Explanation: Sufficient similarity between the DNA structures would support the existence of a single species Option 3 Data Description: Discovering the existence of fertile hybrid plant populations living between the two other populations of plants Explanation: This is also consistent with the definition of a biological species (again, ability to produce fertile offspring) There must be jobs out there for which you just have to collect plant samples. Start building your experience now by never showering. Long Free Response Here’s an example of a long free-response question you might see on the AP Biology exam: On this question, you could earn up to 10 points in total. Part A is worth 3 points. To earn these points, you have to: Create a graph that is correctly labeled, is correctly scaled, and uses proper units. Make it a bar graph with correctly plotted sample means. Show the standard error (+/- 2) on your graph above and below the means. Part B is worth 2 points. To earn these points, you have to: Identify populations I and III as the most likely to have statistically significant differences in the mean densities. Explain why this is the case (because the margins of error do not overlap for the mean densities of these two populations; 9+2 is less than 14-2). Part C is worth 5 points: You'd earn 2 points for identifying the independent variable (presence of herbivores) and dependent variable (trichome density). You would earn 1 point for identifying a control treatment (absence of herbivores). You would earn 1 point for identifying an appropriate duration of the experiment (more than one generation of plants). The final point would be earned by predicting experimental results that would support the hypothesis (higher trichome density under the experimental conditions as compared to the control conditions). Ugh, gross! This leaf is full of trichomes. How Is the AP Biology Exam Scored? As mentioned, on AP Bio the multiple-choice section (including the grid-ins) makes up 50% of your score, and the free-response section makes up the other 50%. For the multiple-choice section, it’s easy to calculate your raw score: you just get 1 point for each question you answer correctly. There are no point deductions for incorrect or blank answers. This is also true for the grid-in questions. Scoring is a bit more complicated on the free-response section (which is scored by actual graders rather than a computer). Each of the six short response questions has a different point value depending on its complexity. Three are scored out of 3 points, while the other three are scored out of 4 points. Finally, each long free-response question uses a 10-point scale. To figure out your final AP Bio score, you’ll need to do a couple more calculations. This can change from year to year based on the performance of students, but this is the most recent estimate I have regarding the methodology behind it: Multiply the number of points you got on the multiple-choice section by 1.03 Multiply the number of points you got on the two long free-response questions by 1.5 Multiply the number of points you got on the short free-response questions by 1.43 Add all these numbers together to get your raw AP Biology score Here's a conversion chart you can use to see how raw score ranges (generally) translate into final AP scores (on a scale of 1-5). I've also included the percentage of students who earned each score in 2017 to give you an idea of what the score distribution looks like: Raw Score AP Score % of Test Takers Earning Score (2017) 92-120 5 6.4% 72-91 4 21.0% 52-71 3 36.7% 31-51 2 27.5% 0-30 1 8.4% For example, if you got 40 points on the multiple-choice section, 13 points on the long-response questions, and 14 points on the short-response questions, your AP Bio score would be (40*1.03) + (13*1.5) + (14*1.43) = 80.72. This indicates that you'd likely earn a 4 on the AP Biology test. If you want to spice things up a little bit, you can even do the math on a snazzy calculator with red buttons! Isn't this fun?!?!? What’s the Best Way to Prep for the AP Biology Exam? Now that you know all about what's on the AP Biology test, it's time to learn how to ace it. Follow these four tips so you can get a great score! Tip 1: Review Your Labs Labs make up about 25% of the AP Biology course, and for good reason. It’s important to understand how labs are conducted and how the principles behind them relate to the main ideas of the course. This will help in answering both free-response and multiple-choice questions that deal with lab scenarios on the test. Many free-response questions ask you to identify the components of a proposed experiment (dependent and independent variables) or to design a lab to test a certain hypothesis. You might have forgotten about the labs you did toward the beginning of the year, so take extra care to go over them. Make sure that you understand exactly how they were conducted and what the results mean. Tip 2: Learn to Connect Small-Scale Terms With Large-Scale Themes The AP Biology test covers four major themes: Evolution Energy use in biological systems Processing of stimuli in biological systems Interaction of biological systems Under each of these umbrella topics are many terms and ideas you'll need to review. Memorization can be a big part of studying for AP Biology. However, memorizing the definitions of terms will only get you so far. You'll also need to understand how they relate to one another and to the four themes listed above. The exam emphasizes making connections between biological terms, corresponding biological systems, inputs and outputs of these systems, and the overall impact on living organisms and the environment. You should be able to follow a chain of reasoning from the specific to the broad, and vice versa. If this tree is AP Biology, the four big branches are the four themes, and all the smaller offshoots are different terms and concepts. For it to survive, there has to be a lot of communication between the trunk and the rest of the tree! Tip 3: Practice Eliminating Irrelevant Information Both multiple-choice and free-response AP Biology questions include lots of scientific terminology and visual aids, and this kind of format might be intimidating if you’re not used to it. It’s important to practice sorting through this jumble of information so that you can quickly get to the root of the question rather than obsessing over small details you don’t understand. Try underlining important words and phrases in the question to help you stay focused on the main points and avoid misleading distractions. You should also practice responding to free-response questions in a straightforward way without any unnecessary fluff. Remember, this isn’t an English test; the graders are just looking for clear facts and analysis. Make it easy for them to give you points! Tip 4: Learn Good Time Management The AP Bio exam is pretty long (even for an AP test), and many of the questions require quite a bit of thought. You need to ensure that you have a good handle on time management before exam day. The best way to do this is to take at least one AP Biology practice test. There are 69 questions in total on the multiple-choice section, and you have 90 minutes to answer them. This comes out to about one minute and 15 seconds for each question. Based on that fact, you should spend no more than a minute on each multiple-choice question the first time you go through a practice test. If you find yourself spending extra time on a question, skip it and come back to it later. It’s best to give yourself some leeway in case you run into trouble on the grid-in questions. You also have 90 minutes for the free-response section, but you'll spend different amounts of time on the long and short questions. Limit your time on the long questions to 22 minutes each or less (44 minutes total), and your time on the short questions to six minutes each or less. If you can’t work this fast right away, try doing additional practice free-response questions until you feel comfortable with the time constraints. Really get to know the test. Take it on a romantic getaway, and watch the sunset with it. Deep down, the AP Biology exam just wants to be understood. Summary: How to Do Well on the AP Biology Exam The AP Biology exam is three hours long, with two sections that take up an hour and a half each. The multiple-choice section has 69 questions in total, while the free-response section has eight questions in total. The content of the exam spans four major themes, or Big Ideas, that are central to the course. These include the following: Evolution Energy use within biological systems The processing of stimuli within biological systems Interactions that occur between biological systems on a larger scale in nature Questions ask you to connect specific terms and concepts to these central topics. They'll test your ability to interpret data, to make predictions and inferences based on biological evidence, and to analyze different experimental scenarios. Overall, AP Biology is a tough test, but as long as you study hard and know what to expect, you're perfectly capable of getting a great score! What's Next? Review key biology ideas and facts with our subject-focused guides. You'll learn about cell theory and the functions of the cell membrane and endoplasmic reticulum, what the distinction is between homologous and analogous structures, how enzymes work, and when and how to use the photosynthesis equation. If any of your prospective colleges require or recommend Subject Test scores, you might want to take the Biology SAT Subject Test in addition to the AP Biology test. Read this article to learn more about the differences between AP tests and Subject Tests, and which ones matter the most. Still planning out your class schedule? Find out how many AP classes you should take in high school based on your college goals. The difficulty level of different AP classes might play a role in your decision whether or not to take them. Check out these articles for more info on which AP classes are the hardest and which are the easiest. Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points or your ACT score by 4 points? We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

World View Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

World View - Essay Example Likewise, we see things to associate figures with their definitions in our minds. One can not actually know what sun is unless one sees it. We get to know only the much we see. When we know more than what we have seen, the knowledge essentially comes from others that have seen more than us. Humans use the senses they are naturally blessed with to know the world. In addition to this, religious knowledge comes from Holy books. What is really real, or the ultimate reality? In spiritual terms, really real is some thing that would never change and would never end, like the world hereafter. Life after death would never come to an end. It will continue forever. Therefore, that world would be really real. In fact, it is more rational to call that world the ultimate real. In worldly terms, really real is some thing that never changes. For example, a mother’s love for her baby is really real and remains as such throughout the life of their relationship. It is so real that one can not ex pect a mother to be unloving towards her children. Motherhood shows its reality not only in humans, but in every species of living creatures. Birds are possessive about their babies.

Scholarly Paper - Healthcare Informatics Theories & Policies Essay

Scholarly Paper - Healthcare Informatics Theories & Policies - Essay Example ification (CCC), Perioperative Nursing Data Set (PNDS), the Nursing Minimum Data Set (NMDS), The Nursing Interventions Classifications (NIC), International Classification for Nursing Practice (ICNP), the Nursing Outcomes Classification (NOC). The American Nurses Association has approved thirteen, but only ten are considered particular to nursing care. NANDA-I will be the main considered terminology in this essay. NANDA-I maintains an agreed set of diagnoses, which are then used to select appropriate nursing interventions and develop desirable patient outcomes. Its taxonomy is organized into 13 domains of nursing practice, 46 classes, and 216 diagnoses. NANDA-I has been found to be used extensively both in the United States and globally (About NANDA†, n.d.). NANDA opened up the way of diagnostic taxonomy in nursing. During the first National Conference on Classification of Nursing Diagnoses, 1973, a task force was formed. It later evolved into an incorporated Association in 1982 to help nurses who were in the United States and Canada. The work on classification was begun by Kristie Gebbie and Mary Ann Lavin, faculty at St. Louis University, by calling a classification conference. They influenced the current decisions of the identification-classification process through their belief that nurses should be involved in the development process. A diagnosis is a clinical decision about an individual’s response to real or possible health problems. It is the foundation for choosing the appropriate nursing intervention to get an outcome for, which the nurse is accountable. Gordon’s observation was of diagnosis being a model that puts a meaning on a set of observations therefore triggering understanding and thinking about the set. T his phenomenon forms the basis of every diagnostic concept of today (Speksnijder et al., 2011). Subsequent to specifying the goals of a proposed system, the identification process begins. The subject phenomena are identified. NANDA

Negotiation Strategies and the Ethics in the Movie Essay

Negotiation Strategies and the Ethics in the Movie - Essay Example Nick faces strong opposition from Vermont's Senator Ortolan Finistirre, who defends in the Senate the use a skull and crossed bones in the cigarette packs. However, he does his best even as his son comes to know of his immoral venture. Nick Naylor and his friends use many business strategies to survive in their businesses. Nick Naylor invokes many negotiations in line with his duty some of which are successful while others are not. Among the many strategies that Nick Naylor uses, there are negotiating strategies that are so dominant in the movie (YouTube Web). A negotiation is a process that involves two or more individuals with an aim of work together to formulate agreements about the issues in dispute. A negotiation strategy in this case is a pre-determined approach to achieve a desired goal or objective to potentially find and make an agreement or contract in a negotiation with another party or parties (Moore Web). Negotiation strategies also involve ethics that drive the negotiat ions and dictate relations between the negotiators. This paper will address the various negotiation strategies as used in the movie, thank you for smoking and the ethics of the negotiation strategies that apply in the same movie. ... Subsequently one is supposed to plan the best environment for the negotiations and draw a concrete program for the engagement. This procedure is very fundamental in any negotiation process though it varies from one dispute to another. In some cases it even not possible to follow this procedure subject to the urgency of the matter. However, where time allows, professionalism calls for the adoption of this procedure in negotiation. This way desired results have a guarantee. Planning is indeed, very important in implementing any negotiation strategy. One should prioritize his interests in a negotiation process and rank them accordingly. In addition, one should equip themselves with the knowledge about other negotiators. They should also consider the effect of money in a negotiation process. Then plan factual inquiries carefully and plan money moves based on negotiation objective principles (Cronin-Harris, Web). Indeed, among the many factors that can lead to a failed negotiation strateg y poor planning is very significant. Other factors like failing to pay attention to your opponent, paying too much attention to anchors, caving in too quickly, gloating, and thinking the pie is fixed come in handy to the failure of a negotiation strategy (Stanford Graduate School of Business Web). In the negotiation table, one should adopt given attributes to ensure that the negotiating parties focus on the dispute and you win the dispute. It is very significant that one separates the negotiators from the problem so that they can have an independent focus in addressing the dispute. For a winning situation, a negotiator should put informed emphasis on their interests in the dispute and not necessarily on the positions

Globalisation and Business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Globalisation and Business - Essay Example 2. Debates on Economic Globalisation Before going in-depth of the debatable issues of economic globalisation with respect to reduction of poverty, it is essential to recognise the entities that act as the prime contributors towards economic globalisation. The multinational corporations (MNCs) are perhaps the most significant transporter of economic globalisation. The MNCs operate with the organisation of production process and allocation of resources as per the various standards for maximising profits. The globalisation in financial sector also plays an important role towards influencing economic globalisation all around the world. One of the reasons for the formulation of debate over effectiveness of economic globalisation is the fact that the structures of the various industries undergo radical up-gradation and re-adjustment as a consequence of the economic globalisation (Shangquan, 2000). According to the proponents’ views towards the prospect of economic globalisation in t he sphere of reducing poverty, the relatively poor economies had undergone tremendous changes after the economic globalisation evolved. For example, in India, since the year 1975, the rate of poverty has declined sharply along with the decrement in inequality. In countries like India, the supporters of economic globalisation consider the process as an entirely benevolent one indicating the long desired delivery of the concept of humanity from economic underdevelopment, despair and backwardness. The proponents to the concept of economic globalisation are of the notion that the process would operate for the betterment of the human beings within a country wherever poverty exists. This would be achieved because the allowance to market forces would keep the trading away... The paper tells that the multinational corporations (MNCs) are perhaps the most significant transporter of economic globalisation. The MNCs operate with the organisation of production process and allocation of resources as per the various standards for maximising profits. The globalisation in financial sector also plays an important role towards influencing economic globalisation all around the world. One of the reasons for the formulation of debate over effectiveness of economic globalisation is the fact that the structures of the various industries undergo radical up-gradation and re-adjustment as a consequence of the economic globalisation. According to the proponents’ views towards the prospect of economic globalisation in the sphere of reducing poverty, the relatively poor economies had undergone tremendous changes after the economic globalisation evolved. For example, in India, since the year 1975, the rate of poverty has declined sharply along with the decrement in ineq uality. In countries like India, the supporters of economic globalisation consider the process as an entirely benevolent one indicating the long desired delivery of the concept of humanity from economic underdevelopment, despair and backwardness. The proponents to the concept of economic globalisation are of the notion that the process would operate for the betterment of the human beings within a country wherever poverty exists. This would be achieved because the allowance to market forces would keep the trading away from the political issues of the country and would bring about greater growth of the economy and thus for its native as well.

- Art and Music Appreciation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 6

- Art and Music Appreciation - Essay Example The human form, landscapes and still life were naturalistic, without any attempt to interpret. Because of this rigor, art reached an exquisite level of representation, until the arrival of photography, which did it all in a flash. The door was open to artists to do more than just picture perfectly: they started expressing abstract concepts, and insert their own content into form. Exciting movements such as impressionism, cubism and Dada followed, but artists had to know the rules they were breaking. To understand the limits they were breaking out of, those limits had to be understood. Artists today still need to know classic conventions of perspective, color, slight and shade and so on, in order to break out of them in their own way. In that sense, the conventions are here to stay. Although they do not sound that different to my modern ear, the madrigal by Lassus must have been scandalously witty and playful. Besides, it imitated church music and turned it secular, if not profane. Pious people listening to this music would expect sedate rhythm and pious words. Instead they get different voices tripping over each other and suggestive words! In conservative Europe of the mid-1500s, it would have been outrageous, even though Lassus was a respected Maestro di Cappella. I liked it because the men seem to be smiling as they sang. In any medieval plainchant, you can hear the serious holy intention, like: no funny business, these are God’s songs. I do not know enough music to hear if Lassus used the Devil’s Interval, a note (C and F#) that was not allowed to be played by the strict church of the time, because it gave people too much pleasure. But I think that came later, after about another 200

Learning Theory Annotated Bibilography Research Paper

Learning Theory Annotated Bibilography - Research Paper Example Fourth: Humanist learning theory is a â€Å"new orthodoxy†, a form of social control that keeps nurses from being flexible. It also expresses free market orthodoxy. Fifth, and most importantly: Humanistic learning theory emphasizes individualistic learning and values. But nurses must be socially oriented to be successful. They must coordinate with other nurses, with doctors, with medical practitioners and logistics experts, and with the community. Because humanistic learning, in Purdys view, directly detracts from â€Å"social learning†, it must be rejected for nursing. Instead, Purdy recommends a communalistic value system, ideology and teaching paradigm. He argues that nurses taught in this vein will learn how to coordinate and compromise with others more efficiently, and that this alternate paradigm is more effective for the unique needs of nurses. Hezekiah examines the benefits of feminist pedagogy for nursing education in Pakistan in particular and Muslim countries in general. The concerns are obvious: Feminist ideology in fundamentalist Muslim countries will be controversial. The question is if the benefits outweigh the risks. Hezekiah concludes that they do. Hezekiah claims that feminist pedagogy, when examined through the lens of Schniedewind (1993)s five process goals, have great potential for nurses for two reasons. Feminist pedagogy empowers nurses. It allows them to make decisions quickly without being vetoed or disrespected by patients, essential for delivering optimal care quickly. And it improves the health care system as a whole, because it allows female nurses to participate as equals and thus increases the pool of qualified medical practitioners available to Muslim countries. Social learning theory emphasizes the way that people, such as nurses, learn based on behavioral cues such as role models, superiors, and so forth in their social environment, and focus on making outcomes

Globalisation and Business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Globalisation and Business - Essay Example 2. Debates on Economic Globalisation Before going in-depth of the debatable issues of economic globalisation with respect to reduction of poverty, it is essential to recognise the entities that act as the prime contributors towards economic globalisation. The multinational corporations (MNCs) are perhaps the most significant transporter of economic globalisation. The MNCs operate with the organisation of production process and allocation of resources as per the various standards for maximising profits. The globalisation in financial sector also plays an important role towards influencing economic globalisation all around the world. One of the reasons for the formulation of debate over effectiveness of economic globalisation is the fact that the structures of the various industries undergo radical up-gradation and re-adjustment as a consequence of the economic globalisation (Shangquan, 2000). According to the proponents’ views towards the prospect of economic globalisation in t he sphere of reducing poverty, the relatively poor economies had undergone tremendous changes after the economic globalisation evolved. For example, in India, since the year 1975, the rate of poverty has declined sharply along with the decrement in inequality. In countries like India, the supporters of economic globalisation consider the process as an entirely benevolent one indicating the long desired delivery of the concept of humanity from economic underdevelopment, despair and backwardness. The proponents to the concept of economic globalisation are of the notion that the process would operate for the betterment of the human beings within a country wherever poverty exists. This would be achieved because the allowance to market forces would keep the trading away... The paper tells that the multinational corporations (MNCs) are perhaps the most significant transporter of economic globalisation. The MNCs operate with the organisation of production process and allocation of resources as per the various standards for maximising profits. The globalisation in financial sector also plays an important role towards influencing economic globalisation all around the world. One of the reasons for the formulation of debate over effectiveness of economic globalisation is the fact that the structures of the various industries undergo radical up-gradation and re-adjustment as a consequence of the economic globalisation. According to the proponents’ views towards the prospect of economic globalisation in the sphere of reducing poverty, the relatively poor economies had undergone tremendous changes after the economic globalisation evolved. For example, in India, since the year 1975, the rate of poverty has declined sharply along with the decrement in ineq uality. In countries like India, the supporters of economic globalisation consider the process as an entirely benevolent one indicating the long desired delivery of the concept of humanity from economic underdevelopment, despair and backwardness. The proponents to the concept of economic globalisation are of the notion that the process would operate for the betterment of the human beings within a country wherever poverty exists. This would be achieved because the allowance to market forces would keep the trading away from the political issues of the country and would bring about greater growth of the economy and thus for its native as well.

Learning Theory Annotated Bibilography Research Paper

Learning Theory Annotated Bibilography - Research Paper Example Fourth: Humanist learning theory is a â€Å"new orthodoxy†, a form of social control that keeps nurses from being flexible. It also expresses free market orthodoxy. Fifth, and most importantly: Humanistic learning theory emphasizes individualistic learning and values. But nurses must be socially oriented to be successful. They must coordinate with other nurses, with doctors, with medical practitioners and logistics experts, and with the community. Because humanistic learning, in Purdys view, directly detracts from â€Å"social learning†, it must be rejected for nursing. Instead, Purdy recommends a communalistic value system, ideology and teaching paradigm. He argues that nurses taught in this vein will learn how to coordinate and compromise with others more efficiently, and that this alternate paradigm is more effective for the unique needs of nurses. Hezekiah examines the benefits of feminist pedagogy for nursing education in Pakistan in particular and Muslim countries in general. The concerns are obvious: Feminist ideology in fundamentalist Muslim countries will be controversial. The question is if the benefits outweigh the risks. Hezekiah concludes that they do. Hezekiah claims that feminist pedagogy, when examined through the lens of Schniedewind (1993)s five process goals, have great potential for nurses for two reasons. Feminist pedagogy empowers nurses. It allows them to make decisions quickly without being vetoed or disrespected by patients, essential for delivering optimal care quickly. And it improves the health care system as a whole, because it allows female nurses to participate as equals and thus increases the pool of qualified medical practitioners available to Muslim countries. Social learning theory emphasizes the way that people, such as nurses, learn based on behavioral cues such as role models, superiors, and so forth in their social environment, and focus on making outcomes

A Comparison of how Fear and Tension Essay Example for Free

A Comparison of how Fear and Tension Essay Both authors use fear and tension in their stories. The Adventure of the Speckled Band was written in the nineteenth century and is set in Victorian England, whereas Talking in Whispers is set in Chile, and was written towards the end of the twentieth century, but both contain similar elements of fear and tension. The authors use different techniques in order to create tension and fear, and I will examine some of these in the course of my essay. I will begin by looking at Watsons novel. Fear and tension are created in three main ways in The Adventure of the Speckled Band; namely character, setting and plot.  First, I will look at character. The character that creates the most fear and tension in the story is Dr. Grimesby Roylett. He is a very angry, loud and impatient man. He is powerful and intelligent. He once beat his native butler to death. He is the terror of the village near his manor. He has no friends at all and says of himself, I am a dangerous man to fall foul of. He is described as a fierce old bird of prey, and he keeps wild animals. Doyle creates lots of fear and tension through the character of Roylett. He is described by his stepdaughter as a short tempered man with fits of rage approaching to mania, and then when Miss Stoner has left, Dr. Roylett comes in and proves all that has been said about him. Next, I will examine setting. The setting of the story plays an important part in creating fear and tension, mainly through Stoke Morran and its manor. The manor and its grounds are in the middle of the countryside, and therefore it is easy to imagine that it could become very dark and desolate there. Also, wild animals (a cheetah and a baboon) are kept on the grounds thus adding to the sense of fear. The manor itself is very large and old, just the place for a murder mystery and this really helps with the atmosphere. The manor for all its size is largely uninhabited, with only a few rooms being used. This gives it an eerie atmosphere, a place where anything could happen. Now, I will analyse the plot. Apart from a red herring near the start, the main part of the plot is how was the crime committed? and not who did it? as it is obvious almost from the beginning that Dr. Roylett is guilty. When Helen Stoner comes to Holmes, and talks about her sisters death, she mentions that her sisters last words were it was the speckled band and she says that the gypsies wore speckled handkerchiefs, and also that she thinks that the gypsies have been making the whistling noise. The reader jumps to the conclusion that the gypsies killed her sister. However, once you get to Stoke Moran, your ideas and thoughts soon change. Holmes tries to get into Helen Stoners room from the outside, but finds it impossible, so the reader thinks that the killer must have come from the inside, and that the killer is Doctor Roylett. When Holmes finds the dummy bellpull, the ventilator, the milk and the marked chair, it starts to look like Dr Roylett committed the murder in a very complicated way. When Holmes decides to spend the night in the room, the quiet and darkness, as well as Holmes saying that this was a very dangerous situation, makes this scene full of tension. When Holmes jumps up and strikes at the bellpull, the tension is both released and added to, because finally something has happened, but you are not totally sure what.  Doyle often uses rather long, unfolding sentences in this story. This has two effects; one, to make sure that the reader is well informed and can think about what is written, and two, it keeps the pace of action slow.

Ethical And Legal Principles In Nursing | Reflective Essay

Ethical And Legal Principles In Nursing | Reflective Essay This following piece of reflection will be written by using the what model of structured reflection (Driscoll, 2007). The essay will focus on a practice based scenario and will include two ethical principles, these being, Non-Maleficence and Beneficence. It will also cover two legal principles; The Mental Capacity Act and Consent. In order to maintain patients confidentiality (Nursing and Midwifery Council 2008) a pseudonym name will be used throughout this reflective account and the patient will be referred to as Jean. As a trainee assistant practitioner I am accountable in my practice to identify and minimise risk to the patient when carrying out care. It is also my duty to ensure my knowledge and skills are maintained, thus providing equal care to all patients. Furthermore consent must be obtained from the patient prior to carrying out any care. I was asked by the community district nursing team to obtain a blood sample from an 88 year old lady who needed a diabetic review .This investigation will identify any potential problems associated with diabetes (Diabetes UK). Having this test is essential for the well being of the patient. Jean has type 2 diabetes and her condition is controlled by insulin therapy. Having this test is important for the well being of the patient. The nursing midwifery council state that obtaining patients consent is necessary before you can give treatment or care (2002). It is important to obtain consent and failure to do so could be viewed as physical assault on a patient (Lavery 2005). Consent should not be taken for granted and an explanation should be given to the patient prior to the procedure. This ensures that Patients are competent to make an informed decision and have the legal right to decline treatment at any time during their treatment. Jean also has a form of dementia and due to this; she experiences memory loss and confusion. According to Frude the general onset of dementia is one of progressive deterioration in the forgetfulness stages the person experiences difficulty in recalling events (2000.p.285). Within my role as a trainee assistant practitioner I have the responsibility to understand the Mental Capacity Act 2005 and to respect people rights and provide care within the realms of the law. A patient who lacks mental capacity is a person whose brain has been affected from an illness, in this case dementia. The Mental capacity act 2005 is to protect people who are unable to make decision for themselves. The Code of Practice states that last power of attorney can be used to appoint attorney to make decisions about personal welfare (2005 .p120) A person with a personal welfare of lasting power attorney can make a medical or treatment decision for another person. The office of the public guardian has a register for lasting power of attorney this is a legal document which people must be registered (Alzheimers society 2010). It is my responsibility to ensure that patients who lack capacity have the correct support in place so that they can assert their rights. In this case Jean had nominated her daughter to be her lasting power of attorney. Jean now moved in with her daughter and her family. I asked Jeans daughter for permission to take a blood sample from her mother and she gave her consent. However when I approached Jean to explain what I was going to do she seemed very confused and became aggressive towards me. I was told in report that Jean can get confused, but no mention of her being aggressive. I felt very uneasy and made the decision with the support of Jeans daughter, not to take the blood sample. Hendick states the principle of non-maleficence imposes duty to do no harm or to minimize harm (2001 p 22). As Jean was obviously distressed and I did not want to cause her any discomfort I decided not to carry out the procedure. My intention was also not to put Jean or myself at any risk from taking the blood sample as it could lead to either one of us being harmed from a needle stick injury. Hendick states beneficence means that you must act in the way that benefits others, and have both moral and legal duty to do good (2004 p72). Obviously having the test done is in Jeans best interests as her doctor needs to have recent blood values to ensure she is receiving the correct treatment. I believe however, that I acted in Jeans best interests by postponing her blood test to another day finding out from her daughter what the best time of day for Jean, when she would be likely to be more relaxed and approachable. Her daughter had agreed with this decision, another date was arranged As a trainee Assistant Practitioner, I ensure that I abide by ethical and legal principles in all aspects of my role. I feel that it is something that is incorporated into my job often without me even realising. For example, I would never carry out any procedure without gaining the patients consent. This could be verbal or non verbal. I will inform the senior member of staff about the situation I was in and fill in an incident form. I will also insure other team members are aware of Jeans aggression and to ensure that we call her daughter before we visit in the future. Hopefully my next visit will be more successful with better communication skills by planning the visit with her daughter I feel that I learnt a great deal about the Mental Capacity Act through my care of Jean and will continue to increase my skills and knowledge. I will continue to give Jean the care and support she needs. I will ask my Primary Care Trust for any future study days on the Equality Act that has come into force from October 2010, and then I will be able to understand how the act could be relevant within my practice. .

Frances Trade Policy Essay -- French Politics, U.S. French Relations

France’s trade policy is the same as that of other members of the European Union. The common EU weighted average tariff rate was 1.2 percent in 2009. Non-tariff barriers reflected in EU and French policy includes agricultural and manufacturing subsidies, quotas, import restrictions and bans for some goods and services†, (Index of Economic Freedom, 2011). As a member of the EU, France is one part of the largest trading blocks, accounting for approximately 20% of global imports and exports (Index of Economic Freedom, 2011). Open trade created by the EU for member states furthered economic development in those particular nations. As one of the largest members of the World Trade Organization, the EU is a driving force behind multiple trade agreements and plays an integral role in promoting open trade in developing countries. Managerial implications The EU created a borderless system that allows unencumbered trade between businesses. Businesses can buy and sell goods wherever they want without having to pay special customs duties or taxes â€Å"this system is beneficial as the limitations on selling products across the continent are nonexistent† (EU and Trade, 2006). However, the free trade system brings more competition. Consumers have more choices in products, which drives down prices and raises the cost to deliver a quality product. This calls for a diligent focus on production efficiencies, quality control and value added principals in order to deliver a superior product at a competitive price. Foreign Exchange The demand for the Euro continues to increase. Investors who traditionally held their assets in dollars are now looking to other sources such as the Euro as a more reliable commodity (Amadeo). President Sarkozy has r... ...Sep Oct Nov Dec 2010 1.10 1.30 1.60 1.70 1.60 1.50 1.90 1.40 1.60 1.60 1.60 1.70 2009 0.70 0.90 0.30 0.10 -0.30 -0.50 -0.70 -0.20 -0.50 -0.40 -0.20 0.90 2008 2.80 2.80 3.20 3.00 3.30 3.60 3.60 3.20 3.00 2.70 1.60 1.00 GDP France has the second largest economy in Europe following only Germany. The country has been relative stable through the global economic crisis in part due to the â€Å"relative resilience of domestic consumer spending, a large public sector, and less exposure to the downturn in global demand than in some other countries† (CIA Fact Book, 2011). While the GDP did contract in 2009, it rebounded in 2010 and expanded by .40 percent. President Sarkozy has been a proponent to economic stabilization for his country through stimulus and investment measures. However, now he and his government are finding was to reduce spending and cut the deficit. France's Trade Policy Essay -- French Politics, U.S. French Relations France’s trade policy is the same as that of other members of the European Union. The common EU weighted average tariff rate was 1.2 percent in 2009. Non-tariff barriers reflected in EU and French policy includes agricultural and manufacturing subsidies, quotas, import restrictions and bans for some goods and services†, (Index of Economic Freedom, 2011). As a member of the EU, France is one part of the largest trading blocks, accounting for approximately 20% of global imports and exports (Index of Economic Freedom, 2011). Open trade created by the EU for member states furthered economic development in those particular nations. As one of the largest members of the World Trade Organization, the EU is a driving force behind multiple trade agreements and plays an integral role in promoting open trade in developing countries. Managerial implications The EU created a borderless system that allows unencumbered trade between businesses. Businesses can buy and sell goods wherever they want without having to pay special customs duties or taxes â€Å"this system is beneficial as the limitations on selling products across the continent are nonexistent† (EU and Trade, 2006). However, the free trade system brings more competition. Consumers have more choices in products, which drives down prices and raises the cost to deliver a quality product. This calls for a diligent focus on production efficiencies, quality control and value added principals in order to deliver a superior product at a competitive price. Foreign Exchange The demand for the Euro continues to increase. Investors who traditionally held their assets in dollars are now looking to other sources such as the Euro as a more reliable commodity (Amadeo). President Sarkozy has r... ...Sep Oct Nov Dec 2010 1.10 1.30 1.60 1.70 1.60 1.50 1.90 1.40 1.60 1.60 1.60 1.70 2009 0.70 0.90 0.30 0.10 -0.30 -0.50 -0.70 -0.20 -0.50 -0.40 -0.20 0.90 2008 2.80 2.80 3.20 3.00 3.30 3.60 3.60 3.20 3.00 2.70 1.60 1.00 GDP France has the second largest economy in Europe following only Germany. The country has been relative stable through the global economic crisis in part due to the â€Å"relative resilience of domestic consumer spending, a large public sector, and less exposure to the downturn in global demand than in some other countries† (CIA Fact Book, 2011). While the GDP did contract in 2009, it rebounded in 2010 and expanded by .40 percent. President Sarkozy has been a proponent to economic stabilization for his country through stimulus and investment measures. However, now he and his government are finding was to reduce spending and cut the deficit.

Imperialism and Existential Freedom in Works Such as Joseph Conrad’s He

When people think of the concept of imperialism, they usually view it as something that pertains to government. Even the first definition of imperialism in the dictionary is â€Å"imperial state, authority, spirit, or system of government† (Webster 729). However, imperialism encompasses so much more than this. In comparing the resonations between Joseph Conrad’s Heart of Darkness with Johann Goethe’s Faust, one can see how imperialism affects the political, the social, the psychological, and the spiritual, especially within the past 200 years. Stemming from this is man’s existential freedom, his â€Å"mechanical and lifeless existence in society†, explored in Fyodor Dostoevsky’s â€Å"The Grand Inquisitor† and Herman Melville’s â€Å"Bartleby the Scrivener†. Heart of Darkness shows imperialism in more of a physical and psychological perspective. The main character Marlow, in his beliefs, shows a positive side to imperialism. Marlow does openly admit that he does not belong as an invader to this land that is not his; however, he also says that he will try to help these people, the antithesis of most, if not all, of his comrades. Concerning these imperialistic invasions, he says, â€Å"The conquest of the earth, which mostly means the taking it away from those who have a different complexion or slightly flatter noses than ourselves, is not a pretty thing when you look into it too much. What redeems it is the idea†¦not a sentimental pretence but an idea†¦something you can set up, and bow down before, and offer a sacrifice to†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Conrad 64). Marlow is driven by morality and is able to see what is right and wrong; he is not blinded to the truth. The truth that these â€Å"civilized men† are destroying countless numbers of people so that they can worship th... ...fected by this, though; it is the entire world. The majority of people believe only as they are told to believe. Much like in Bartleby the Scrivener, there is no civil disobedience; they do not question the morality of anything. They walk through their existential life completely blind and oblivious to what is happening around them. Two very defining characteristics of the societies present around the world, both past and present, are those of imperialism and existentialism. Whether it be as broad as a government or as small as a person, there is an overwhelming presence of power hunger and greed and complete disregard for those who may be â€Å"in the way†. So too is the seemingly mindless existence which people live life with. What the world strongly needs now is people who actually contain a soul; a soul that makes a human a human. Sadly, this is very much lacking.

Christian Response/Decisions on life and living Essay

AO1- Explain the beliefs Christians hold about their responsibility for those at the beginning and end of their lives. The heart of Christian ethics is love, which has its source in God. Christianity is based on the principal of love,’ love thy neighbour as yourself’ is the greatest teaching and in this context means having concern/caring for others. Christians extend this teaching further when considering those at the beginning or end of their lives. Christians believe that an unborn baby or foetus is created in God’s own image, which is why they would regard every child and living person as precious, and whilst in the womb it is closest to perfection (completely innocent). Christians believe that all human life is sacred as it has eternal destiny and as an unborn child a potential life an unborn child/ foetus is treated with protection and respect, as a human should be. In general Christians feel it is their responsibility to take care of the body carrying an unborn baby and because traditional Christian teaching places the highest value on human life most Christians condemn the concept of abortion as it would involve destroying something so innocent and going against God’s will because God chose to give the life. Christian’s regard abortion in any sense as murder which goes against their moral teachings, the fifth commandment states ‘Thou shall not kill’. â€Å"If anyone does not take care of his relations especially members of his own family he has denied the faith and is worse than an unbeliever† this is a quote from Timothy 1 in the new testament and this quote can have a lot of meaning for a Christian as a parent because it states that it should be their responsibility to care for all their family which would include a conceived child who should be given the chance to live and cared for else a Christian would really be a hypocrite to their beliefs. Christian’s also hold great responsibility as a parent of a newborn child. Christian’s believe it s their duty to baptise their child. The service of baptism washes away a child’s original sin and symbolises their membership to the church. As a parent a Christian is opening the door to the Christian faith (GOD) to which their child can later choose to become part of through their own will when they are older by being ‘confirmed’. It is a Christian’s duty to give their child this opportunity whether or not they choose to take it. As a child grows up it is also the parent’s responsibility to educate the child about the Christian faith, for example sending them to a Christian/catholic school and teaching them about Christianity at home? When considering Christian responsibility for those at the end of their lives the concept is very similar. Christians believe that only God gave life and only God can take it away. They believe killing an innocent person is unacceptable ‘thou shall not kill’ regardless of whether it is an embryo, foetus, child, adult, old person, or someone who is terminally ill and dying. Some Christians may feel that Euthanasia should be allowed as in some circumstances it would be more ‘loving to let someone die if letting them carry on living was causing them so much pain. Most Christians however do not agree because they say human life is sacred and only God has the authority to take it. Christian’s treat a terminally ill, unconscious adult with the same protection as a conscious adult. Christians are against euthanasia but would try to make the time before a person’s death as easy as possible by caring for them and knowing that they will die when God wants them to. The care that the old and terminally ill need can be provided by a hospice. Christian’s support the hospice movement. They are Christian based foundations similar to a hospital but are designed for people to go there to die. The relatives of patients are given care and support and the patients are made as comfortable and happy as possible and the emphasis is on controlling pain and allowing people to die with dignity. AO2 -Faced with the issues of abortion and euthanasia, explain the different ways Christians might respond. The different denominations of Christians and Christian individuals would react in different ways when faced with these issues. When looking at abortion it is fair to say that all Christians believe it is unacceptable and should be avoided. A roman catholic would believe that a deliberately procured abortion is a serious sin as it would be regarded as a murder no matter what time in the pregnancy it took place, as a roman Catholics belief is that God implants the soul at the moment of conception. In today’s society there is a lot of sexual crime such as rape and incest. If a woman were to become pregnancy as a result of this crime her actions may be different depending on what kind of Christian she was. A roman catholic would be strictly against abortion and believe that although the father committed and evil crime the unborn child should still be considered innocent and part of God and should not be killed because its father committed an evil sin. A true Roman Catholic would go ahead with the pregnancy but once the child was born may take other steps such as adoption if keeping the child was too distressing and she felt she could not love it. However looking at this situation from a Protestant perspective it would be acceptable for the woman to have an abortion as having the baby would remind her of the trauma of the sexual crime and the child may not be brought into the world into a loving family, as it should deserve. It is in this way that views differ, members of the Christian Churches accept that sometimes abortion may be the lesser of 2 evils like in the result of a sexual crime, if the child was sought to be handicapped, deformed or likely to die soon after birth and if the foetus is likely to endanger the life of the mother. There are also some extreme exceptions for Catholics. The principal of double effect in the Roman Catholic church if in some complex situations like if the mother was likely to die would allow an abortion to take place, and there are also some occasions where an operation needs to be carried out with a purpose to cure a life threatening disease which may kill an unborn child, the Roman Catholic church teaches that this is permissible and necessary. When faced with issues of euthanasia different most Christians react in similar ways. Some Christians think it is acceptable to help someone to die by stopping their medication, turning off a life support machine etc as long as they are not directly taking their life simply putting a stop to methods that are trying to preserve it. The Roman Catholic belief is that any action intended to cause death as a relief from suffering is,† a grave violation of the laws of God† (John Paul II). Catholics believe that no one should try to take someone’s life for them, as it is still a form of killing. But they do not believe that life has to be preserved at all costs and find turning off a life support machine acceptable if the person can no way be cured and is otherwise in a vegetative state. Christians also support the use of painkillers such as morphine, which hasten death provided their aim is to ease pain. If a Christian had a friend who was terminally ill and dying and asked them to help them to die quicker as they were suffering a Christian may agree to do so because they think it is more ‘loving’ than to let their friend experience immense suffering or they may stop their medication which is keeping them alive to help them die faster. AO3 – What Christians believe about life is up to them. They should not make others accept their position. Do you agree with the statement? A Christian has their own views and ideas about life. Everyone has the right of freedom and should therefore be able to believe their own things without having to be bothered about what others think. This could be argued by some people as not right because when it involves the taking of a life, it can never really be justified as right As a Christian however it is acceptable for them to give advice to others based on their believes whether or not the other person chooses to accept it. As a Christian one should not judge others for being different and this includes having different views and beliefs to themselves, â€Å"Judge not others lest you be judged†. I can relate this to a modern day situation by saying that if a Christian had a close friend (non Christian) who was considering an abortion who asked for their advice it would be fair for a Christian to share their advice and views with this friend but if they still chose to go ahead with the abortion as a Christian the person should still stand by their friend and support them regardless of whether they feel they are making the wrong decision. From another point of view Christians should make others accept their position because God commands them to share the good news with others and take the gospel to all the people’ therefore a Christian would not be fulfilling their duty as a Christian if they did not spread the word of God to others. Other people can choose not to be influenced by their ideas but as a Christian I Think they need to pass on their beliefs about God to other people. Overall I think that a Christian should tell other people when they are doing something which in society could be considered as very wrong i.e. Murder and a Christian also has the right to share there believes with others in hope that they may accept them. However it is the individual’s choice to believe what they want in the end and another person should force no one into accepting a certain position.

Reluctance to Enter the War Essay

The American population in the late 1930’s was very self focused for several reasons. Many had come through World War One and it’s aftermath. The economy was still in a depressed state. There was a sincere lack of faith in the Government being able to handle anything outside of our borders. There was a perception that there was little about the situation in Europe that impacted the people in the United States. Each of these reasons in varying degrees impacted the feelings of reluctance about entering another conflict on far off shores. World War One was fresh on many people’s minds in the late 1930’s and early 1940’s. That war impacted many individual lives and families in the United States. Most people remembered fathers or brothers that did not return home or were injured in that war. Much of what the United States government tried to do after the war in international relations failed. There was a perception that we were out of our league when it came to international relations. Our own economy was in the throws of a national depression. People were focused on personal and immediate survival needs. Several farm families had been uprooted in the mid west and were living in near homeless conditions on the west coast. Unemployment was at an all time high. Soup lines were still long. Neighbors and families were introverted in meeting immediate needs and not overly concerned with another foreign dispute. Faith in government was not very high in this period of our history. Franklin D. Roosevelt was still popular and people still had hope. Delivery of political promises was something the people had not seen much of. What they wanted the government to do was focus on American needs – not other nations wants. Although what was going on in Europe was perceived as negative for those in Europe. Many did not feel it impacted our own lives in the United States to any great degree. As a nation were not only had an isolationist policy – we had an isolationist attitude. Our perceptions of the hostile actions around the world would only be changed if they impacted our own shores. That perception remained strong until early December 1941.

Nursing Leadership Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Nursing Leadership - Essay Example This is what, in turn, moulds the outlook of the nurses, patients and relations. There is a requirement of leadership in nursing for there to be an efficient running of everyday functions. However, this cannot be termed as the mere part that nursing leadership plays. Another role of nursing leadership is to know the way visions can be made to be realized (El-Meligi, 2005), which means, the way patients can be provided with a safe climate or the way they can be treated such that they feel respected. Every nurse administrator attempts to develop accurate prescriptions for care delivery systems which can be capable of providing high-quality and gainful patient results. For explaining what quality of nursing care is it can be said that it is the care which the nurses provide in keeping with the conventional nursing care standards (Grujic, O'Sullivan, & Wehrmacher, 1989). There are several determinants which can be made use of for determining the kind of nursing care that is being provided.